CAJ | 학술논문

目的评价目前高血压患者生活方式现状并分析其影响因素.方法采用阶段性改变模式对174名高血压患者进行生活方式评估(高盐饮食、高脂饮食、锻炼、吸烟),并分析其影响因素.结果研究结果显示,在吸烟、缺乏锻炼、高盐、高脂饮食这四项生活方式中,缺乏锻炼的患者在前意向阶段人数最多,目前有高盐饮食不良生活习惯的人最多(93 8％).年龄、性别与吸烟改变阶段呈正相关(r=0.605,0.159；P＜0.01或P＜0.05),教育程度、烟龄、每日吸烟支数与吸烟改变阶段呈负相关(r=-0.170,-0 845,-0.871；P ＜0.05).年龄、教育程度、职业、高血压病程与运动改变阶段呈正相关(P＜0 05),高盐、高脂饮食相关因素较少,高脂饮食只与性别呈正相关(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、烟龄及每日吸烟支数对吸烟改变阶段有预测作用.年龄、受教育程度及高血压病程对运动改变阶段有预测作用.结论为高血压患者设计健康教育措施时,不仅要考虑患者所处改变阶段,而且对于年龄较轻,烟龄长及每日吸烟支数多的吸烟患者需要增加干预次数.对处于前意向阶段、年龄较轻、教育程度低及新发高血压患者需要加强促进规律锻炼的干预措施.在四项生活方式中,需要着重加强低盐饮食健康教育.
목적 평개목전고혈압환자생활방식현상병분석기영향인소.방법 채용계단성개변모식대174명고혈압환자진행생활방식평고(고염음식、고지음식、단련、흡연),병분석기영향인소.결과 연구결과현시,재흡연、결핍단련、고염、고지음식저사항생활방식중,결핍단련적환자재전의향계단인수최다,목전유고염음식불량생활습관적인최다(93 8％).년령、성별여흡연개변계단정정상관(r=0.605,0.159；P＜0.01혹P＜0.05),교육정도、연령、매일흡연지수여흡연개변계단정부상관(r=-0.170,-0 845,-0.871；P ＜0.05).년령、교육정도、직업、고혈압병정여운동개변계단정정상관(P＜0 05),고염、고지음식상관인소교소,고지음식지여성별정정상관(P＜0.05).Logistic회귀분석현시,년령、연령급매일흡연지수대흡연개변계단유예측작용.년령、수교육정도급고혈압병정대운동개변계단유예측작용.결론 위고혈압환자설계건강교육조시시,불부요고필환자소처개변계단,이차대우년령교경,연령장급매일흡연지수다적흡연환자수요증가간예차수.대처우전의향계단、년령교경、교육정도저급신발고혈압환자수요가강촉진규률단련적간예조시.재사항생활방식중,수요착중가강저염음식건강교육.
Objective To investigate the status of the lifestyle of the patients with hypertension using stage-based assessment and explore the influence factors.Methods Patients with hypertension at the ward of cardiovascular department in China was sampled conveniently (n=174).The stage based assessment was used to evaluate the four lifestyles:smoking,exercise,high salt intake and high fat intake.Results The results revealed that 163 subjects (93.8％) were at the pre-action stage for high salt intake.47 subjects (27％) take exercise with the highest number among the four lifestyles in the stage before intention.Age and gender were positively correlated with the stages of smoking (r =0.605,0.159;P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ),while education,smoking years,daily cigarette consumption were negatively correlated with the stages of smoking (r =-0.170,-0.845, - 0.871; P ＜ 0.05 respectively). Age,education,occupation and hypertension history were positively correlated with action stages ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Only gender was positively correlated with high fat intake (P ＜ 0.05 ).The Logistic analysis showed that age,smoking duration years and daily cigarette consumption was predictable factors for the smoking stages of changing.Exercise stages of changing was predicted by agc,education and hypertension history.Conclusions The stage based assessment not only can reveal the problematic lifestyles but also can be used to understand the patient readiness to change.This investigation was helpful to design the more desirable intervention measures for patients with hypertension to lifestyle modification.