CAJ | 학술논문

在湖南祁阳国家红壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地,于2008年对已有18年旱地红壤肥料试验历史的不施肥、NK、NP、PK、NPK处理下玉米产量、pH以及养分状况等指标进行了研究.结果表明,长期不施磷肥、只施氮钾肥导致玉米绝产.施用磷肥有极显著的增产作用,其中NP、PK与NPK处理分别比不施肥处理玉米增产33.2%、66.39%与151.45%.施磷的增产作用主要体现在玉米穗粒数、百粒重以及公顷穗数的增加.长期施用氮肥造成了土壤酸化,尤以NK处理酸化严重(pH值降至4.1),导致玉米产量连年下降.长期不施磷肥、只施氮钾肥,导致土壤全磷量和有效磷量降低,而全氮、全钾、碱解氮、有效钾量增加,表现为土壤氮磷钾养分比例严重失衡.NK处理的土壤氮磷钾全量比例为2.8:1:44.5,其它施磷处理的为1.09～1.32:1:17.96～19.36;NK处理的土壤氮磷钾速效量为31:1:57,其它施磷处理的为0.7～1.16:1:1.07～4.6.
재호남기양국가홍양비력여비료효익장기감측기지,우2008년대이유18년한지홍양비료시험역사적불시비、NK、NP、PK、NPK처리하옥미산량、pH이급양분상황등지표진행료연구.결과표명,장기불시린비、지시담갑비도치옥미절산.시용린비유겁현저적증산작용,기중NP、PK여NPK처리분별비불시비처리옥미증산33.2%、66.39%여151.45%.시린적증산작용주요체현재옥미수립수、백립중이급공경수수적증가.장기시용담비조성료토양산화,우이NK처리산화엄중(pH치강지4.1),도치옥미산량련년하강.장기불시린비、지시담갑비,도치토양전린량화유효린량강저,이전담、전갑、감해담、유효갑량증가,표현위토양담린갑양분비례엄중실형.NK처리적토양담린갑전량비례위2.8:1:44.5,기타시린처리적위1.09～1.32:1:17.96～19.36;NK처리적토양담린갑속효량위31:1:57,기타시린처리적위0.7～1.16:1:1.07～4.6.
A fixed-site long-term fertilization experiments were carried out in 2008 in "Qiyang Red Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Long-Term Monitoring Base" to study the effect of CK,NK,NP,PK and NPK treatments which were founded before 18 years on upland red soil nutrients,pH and maize yield.The results showed that,long-term application of only nitrogen and potassium fertilizer but no phosphorus fertilizer treatment caused no yield on maize.Application of P fertilizer could increase maize yield significantly.Compared with CK treatment,the treatments of NP,PK and NPK could increase maize yield by 33.2%,66.39% and 151.45% respectively.The effect of applying phosphorus fertilizer on increasing yield presented as the increase of kernel numbers, 100-seed weight and spike number per hectare. Long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer could cause soil acidity, which resulted in the decline of maize yield by years. Long-term application of only nitrogen and potassium fertilizer but no phosphorus fertilizer treatment could decrease content of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus, increase content of soil total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen and available potassium. The ratio of soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with the treatment of NK was 2.8:1:44.5, and that of applying phosphorus fertilizer treatments was 1.09～1.32:1:17.96～19.36. The ratio of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with the treatment of NK was 31:1:57, and that of applying phosphorus fertilizer treatments was 0.7～1.16:1:1.07～4.6. The ratio of soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of NK was imbalanced, which caused soil acidity more serious.