CAJ | 학술논문

采用典型区位固定样地方法,连续6年测定辽东山地实施不同退耕还林模式后初期阶段的生态效益变动过程.结果表明:退耕后3年植被开始进入激烈竞争阶段,多年生草本、半木质化植物、灌木等相对长寿植物开始占据主导.人工辅助(造林)可在6年后形成较稳定的森林植被群落,单位面积生物产量尤其是木质化根系以乔乔灌木混交模式为最高,虽其固土蓄水功能恢复的速度比自然恢复模式晚1～2年,但其综合效果明显高于其他模式;其次为乔木恢复模式.若依对照(持续农作物耕作)的地表径流量为100%,则6年平均值乔木模式为11.9%,乔灌模式14.49%,自然模式10.65%.依相同方法计算,泥沙流失量在乔木模式下为1.95%,乔灌模式下为0.15%,自然恢复模式下为0.04%.在由农田演变为森林的同时,微小动物(尤其昆虫)系统也在发生相应变化,在几年生态恢复进程中,与对照比,3种恢复模式不但植物物种相对多样,且寄生或依附类微小动物种群亦相对繁杂并初步形成链状结构.
채용전형구위고정양지방법,련속6년측정료동산지실시불동퇴경환림모식후초기계단적생태효익변동과정.결과표명:퇴경후3년식피개시진입격렬경쟁계단,다년생초본、반목질화식물、관목등상대장수식물개시점거주도.인공보조(조림)가재6년후형성교은정적삼림식피군락,단위면적생물산량우기시목질화근계이교교관목혼교모식위최고,수기고토축수공능회복적속도비자연회복모식만1～2년,단기종합효과명현고우기타모식;기차위교목회복모식.약의대조(지속농작물경작)적지표경류량위100%,칙6년평균치교목모식위11.9%,교관모식14.49%,자연모식10.65%.의상동방법계산,니사류실량재교목모식하위1.95%,교관모식하위0.15%,자연회복모식하위0.04%.재유농전연변위삼림적동시,미소동물(우기곤충)계통야재발생상응변화,재궤년생태회복진정중,여대조비,3충회복모식불단식물물충상대다양,차기생혹의부류미소동물충군역상대번잡병초보형성련상결구.
The primary ecological effects of rehabilitation models in converting farmland to forests in eastern Liaoning mountains were continuously investigated through 6 years observation in the typical permanent plots. The results showed that intense competitions occurred among vegetations and perennial herbs, semi-lignified species and shrubs turned into domination after 3 years rehabilitation. Stable forest community can be formed after 6 years of artificial reforestation. Total biomass per unit area was highest in arbor-shrub model, especially in lignified roots and its comprehensive effect, better than any other models, though its ability of water and soil conservation was one year later than natural rehabilitation. The arbor model took the second place. Taking that in control (continuous farming plot) as 100%, average runoff in 6 years was 11.9% in arbor plot, 14.49% in arbor-shrub plot and 10.65% in natural restoring plot, and the corresponding sediment discharge was 1.95%, 0.15%, and 0.04% respectively. The microzoon system (especially insects) changed with the conversion. In comparison with the control, three rehabilitation models had relative diversified species and a complex parasitical/clinging microzoon population which has formed the chain structure preliminarily.