CAJ | 학술논문

针对设施栽培中传统施肥灌溉带来的养分浪费和环境污染问题, 采集河北省定州市设施蔬菜、农田土样及相应的地下水样品, 分析了不同设施蔬菜种植年限土壤剖面中速效养分的累积规律及地下水受硝酸盐污染的程度.结果表明: 0～200 cm和0～400 cm设施土壤的速效养分累积均高于对照农田.低龄棚硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾及水溶性磷含量分别为377.2 mg·kg~(-1)、448.8 mg·kg~(-1)、1 405.6 mg·kg~(-1)、30.6 mg·kg~(-1), 分别是对照农田的4.7倍、4.6倍、1.4倍和11.5倍; 老龄棚硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾及水溶性磷含量分别为629.1 mg·kg~(-1)、555.0 mg·kg~(-1)、2 567.1 mg·kg~(-1)、35.2 mg·kg~(-1), 分别为对照农田的6.4倍、16.3倍、2.7倍和12.0倍.设施土壤速效养分深层累积比例随棚龄增加而增加.设施蔬菜栽培区表层地下水(地下饮用水, 20 m)受硝态氮污染严重, 超标率和严重超标率为39.3%和7.1%; 而深层地下水(农田和大棚灌溉水, 40 m)硝态氮含量7.4 mg·L~(-1)和9.6 mg·L~(-1), 超标率分别为25.0%和37.5%, 无严重超标水样.
침대설시재배중전통시비관개대래적양분낭비화배경오염문제, 채집하북성정주시설시소채、농전토양급상응적지하수양품, 분석료불동설시소채충식년한토양부면중속효양분적루적규률급지하수수초산염오염적정도.결과표명: 0～200 cm화0～400 cm설시토양적속효양분루적균고우대조농전.저령붕초태담、속효린、속효갑급수용성린함량분별위377.2 mg·kg~(-1)、448.8 mg·kg~(-1)、1 405.6 mg·kg~(-1)、30.6 mg·kg~(-1), 분별시대조농전적4.7배、4.6배、1.4배화11.5배; 노령붕초태담、속효린、속효갑급수용성린함량분별위629.1 mg·kg~(-1)、555.0 mg·kg~(-1)、2 567.1 mg·kg~(-1)、35.2 mg·kg~(-1), 분별위대조농전적6.4배、16.3배、2.7배화12.0배.설시토양속효양분심층루적비례수붕령증가이증가.설시소채재배구표층지하수(지하음용수, 20 m)수초태담오염엄중, 초표솔화엄중초표솔위39.3%화7.1%; 이심층지하수(농전화대붕관개수, 40 m)초태담함량7.4 mg·L~(-1)화9.6 mg·L~(-1), 초표솔분별위25.0%화37.5%, 무엄중초표수양.
In allusion to the problems of fertilizer waste and environmental pollution brought about by traditional fertilization and irrigation, greenhouse and farmland soil samples along with corresponding groundwater samples in Dingzhou City, Hebei Province were collected. Then accumulated NPK in greenhouse soil profile and its effects on the groundwater were analyzed for different cultivation ages. The results show that accumulated available nutrients in the 0～200 cm and 0～400 cm greenhouse soil profiles are higher than in farmland soils. In soil of greenhouse within 10 years, nitrate (377.2 mg·kg~(-1)), available P (448.8 mg·kg~(-1)), available K (1 405.6 mg·kg~(-1)) and water-soluble P (30.6 mg·kg~(-1)) are respectively 4.7, 4.6, 1.4 and 11.5 times of the cropland soils. For green-house older than 10 years, the respective variables are 6.4, 16.3, 2.7 and 12.0 times. The proportion of available soil nutrient in deep soil profiles increases with cultivation age. NO3--N pollution in drinking water at the depth of 20 m is serious with common and serious overproof rates of 39.3% and 7.1% respectively. NO3--N content in irrigation water for farmland and greenhouse at the depth of 40 m is 7.4 mg·L~(-1) and 9.6 mg·L~(-1) with respective common overproof rates of 25.0% and 37.5%, and zero serious overproof rate.