中国城乡3～6岁儿童忽视状况的比较研究
중국성향3～6세인동홀시상황적비교연구
Comparative study on the situation of neglected children aged 3-6 year-olds between urban and rural areas of China
  • 万方数据
    中华流行病学杂志 중화류행병학잡지
    CHINESE JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
    2012年 2期 140-144 ,共5页

    李敏%潘建平%张松杰%张华%杨子尼%王维清%曹春红%王飞%杨小梅%牛倩%申鸿

    리민%반건평%장송걸%장화%양자니%왕유청%조춘홍%왕비%양소매%우천%신홍

    儿童忽视%城乡%比较研究 兒童忽視%城鄉%比較研究
    인동홀시%성향%비교연구
    Child neglect%Urban and rural%Comparative study
    目的 调查分析中国城乡3～6岁儿童的忽视状况,为分析比较相关影响因素奠定基础.方法 按照“中国农村3～6岁儿童忽视评价常模”和“中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视常模”规定的量表及评价方法,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,分别在2002年1月对14个省25个市1163名城市3～6岁儿童(其中男童占49.6％,少数民族占4.5％)和2010年11月对10个省26个市4096名农村儿童(其中男童占50.6％,少数民族占6.2％)进行调查.结果 城乡3～6岁儿童总忽视率分别为28.0％和53.7％,总忽视度分别为42.2和44.4,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；城乡儿童各年龄组间忽视率和忽视度差异也均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；城乡男童的忽视率分别为32.6％和55.9％,女童的忽视率分别为23.7％和51.6％；男童的忽视度分别为42.7和44.6,女童的忽视度分别为41.8和44.3,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).城乡儿童在6个不同忽视类型的总体发生率分别为5.1％ ～ 12.9％和13.1％ ～ 26.6％,其中除安全忽视外,城乡儿童其他层面忽视率的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)；城乡儿童不同忽视类型的忽视度分别为39.4 ～ 43.4和36.5～48.2,城乡儿童各忽视类型忽视度的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).城市儿童以教育、情感、身体忽视为重,农村儿童以身体、社会和教育忽视为重；而在安全方面受忽视均较轻.城乡均以单亲家庭的儿童忽视率最高(分别为42.9％和60.0％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).无论年龄或性别,城乡儿童均以单项(各忽视中任一类型)受忽视为主(发生率分别为16.5％和22.7％,构成比分 别为58.9％和45.1％).结论 中国城乡3～6岁儿童忽视状况差别较大,农村儿童受忽视的频度和强度均高于城市儿童；城乡男童受忽视的频度均高于女童；除安全忽视外,农村儿童在其他层面受到更多和更严重的忽视；城乡儿童均以单亲家庭受忽视的频度最高,且以单项受忽视为主.
    목적 조사분석중국성향3～6세인동적홀시상황,위분석비교상관영향인소전정기출.방법 안조“중국농촌3～6세인동홀시평개상모”화“중국3～6세성구인동홀시상모”규정적량표급평개방법,채용다계단분층정군추양방법,분별재2002년1월대14개성25개시1163명성시3～6세인동(기중남동점49.6％,소수민족점4.5％)화2010년11월대10개성26개시4096명농촌인동(기중남동점50.6％,소수민족점6.2％)진행조사.결과 성향3～6세인동총홀시솔분별위28.0％화53.7％,총홀시도분별위42.2화44.4,차이균유통계학의의(P＜0.05)；성향인동각년령조간홀시솔화홀시도차이야균유통계학의의(P＜0.05)；성향남동적홀시솔분별위32.6％화55.9％,녀동적홀시솔분별위23.7％화51.6％；남동적홀시도분별위42.7화44.6,녀동적홀시도분별위41.8화44.3,차이균유통계학의의(P＜0.05).성향인동재6개불동홀시류형적총체발생솔분별위5.1％ ～ 12.9％화13.1％ ～ 26.6％,기중제안전홀시외,성향인동기타층면홀시솔적차이균유통계학의의(P치균＜0.05)；성향인동불동홀시류형적홀시도분별위39.4 ～ 43.4화36.5～48.2,성향인동각홀시류형홀시도적차이균유통계학의의(P치균＜0.05).성시인동이교육、정감、신체홀시위중,농촌인동이신체、사회화교육홀시위중；이재안전방면수홀시균교경.성향균이단친가정적인동홀시솔최고(분별위42.9％화60.0％),차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).무론년령혹성별,성향인동균이단항(각홀시중임일류형)수홀시위주(발생솔분별위16.5％화22.7％,구성비분 별위58.9％화45.1％).결론 중국성향3～6세인동홀시상황차별교대,농촌인동수홀시적빈도화강도균고우성시인동；성향남동수홀시적빈도균고우녀동；제안전홀시외,농촌인동재기타층면수도경다화경엄중적홀시；성향인동균이단친가정수홀시적빈도최고,차이단항수홀시위주.
    Objective To investigate and analyze the situation of urban and rural neglected children aged 3-6,in China,so as to provide basis for the analysis and comparison on relevant risk factors.Methods 1163 urban children aged 3-6 (with 49.6％ males and 4.5％ with minority ethnicity) were investigated from 25 cities of 14 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in the whole country.Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used.Again,using the same sampling method,4096 rural children (of whom 50.6％ were males with 6.2％ as minorities) were chosen from 26 cities of 10 provinces or municipalities.Identification of children being neglected was based on “Child Neglect Evaluation Norms of Children Aged 3-6 Years in Urban/Rural China”.SPSS-Windows 13.0 was employed for data analysis.Scores,frequency/degrees,age,sex and types (physical,emotional,educational,safety,medical and social) of children under negligence on every group of the regions,were calculated.x2 test (Chi-Square) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were processed to determine the significance of their differences.Results The overall frequencies of negligence were 28.0％ and 53.7％ respectively among the urban and rural children aged 3-6,while the total degrees of negligence were 42.2 and 44.4 respectively.Significant difference was found between children from the urban and the rural areas (P＜0.05).Significant difference was also found between urban and rural children on every age group (P＜0.05).The frequencies of negligence among males were 32.6％ and 55.9％ respectively in urban and rural areas while among females,the figures appeared to be 23.7％ and 51.6％ respectively.The degrees of negligence were 42.7 and 44.6 among male while 41.8 and 44.3 among female children,in the urban or rural areas.Significant differences were found on male or female between urban and rural groups (P＜0.05).Frequencies of negligence in urban children aged 3-6 for the six types were from 5.1％ to 12.9％,with the frequency in rural areas as 13.1％-26.6％.Significant difference was found between urban and rural group for any other type (P＜0.05),in addition to the safety type.The degrees of negligence in urban children aged 3-6 for the different type were between 39.4 and 43.4,while in the rural areas as from 36.5 to 48.2,with significant difference for every type (P＜0.05).The degrees of negligence related to education,emotion,or physical strength were more serious on children from the urban than from the rural areas.The highest frequency of child negligence was seen in the single-parent families on both urban and rural groups (42.9％ and 60.0％ respectively),with no significant difference found (P＞0.05).The urban and rural children aged 3-6 were mainly involved in single item of negligence,with incidence rates as 16.5％ and 22.7％ and proportions as 58.9％ and 45.1％ respectively,despite the factors as age or sex.Conclusion There were large differences on the situation of negligence between the urban and rural children aged 3-6.The frequencies and degrees of negligence in every age group and different sex for children living in the rural areas were higher than those urban children.The frequency of negligence among boys was higher than girls for both urban and rural areas.The rural children had suffered more serious negligence than the urban children at any other type,in addition to the ‘ safety'.Both urban and rural children had the highest frequency of negligence in single-parent family,and were mainly suffered from single item of negligence.
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