CAJ | 학술논문

2008年初车八岭山地常绿阔叶林受到中国南方80年一遇的冰灾的重创.为了揭示灾后林冠开度的梯度对土壤节肢动物多样性与分布的影响,在受冰灾影响的车八岭山地常绿阔叶林没置2 ha固定样地,按照冠层受损程度选取17个20 m×20 m的样方,用半球面影像技术获取林冠开度,并分凋落物层、0-10 cm和10-20 cm的矿质上层采集凋落物及上壤样品,分析土壤节肢动物多样性.利用双向聚类分析(two-way cluster analysis)对凋落物层的土壤节肢动物和样地进行聚类,以典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis)研究冠层开度、土壤有机质、电导率以及自然含水量与0-10 cm表土层土壤节肢动物的关系.结果表明土壤节肢动物的多度、丰富度和多样性随土壤层的加深而下降,具有明显的表聚性;林冠开度与凋落物层的土壤节肢动物类群数量呈负相关;甲螨亚目、中气门亚目和前气门亚目动物对光照的适应范围广;膜翅目、鞘翅目幼虫、综合纲和伪蝎目动物具有明显的避光性;土壤节肢动物类群的分布与林冠开度、土壤自然含水量、电导率和有机质关系密切.因此可以推论,冰灾对车八岭山地常绿阔叶林冠层的破坏及土壤因子的变化会进一步影响土壤节肢动物群落的组成和分布.本项研究还表明,土壤节肢动物群落能有效地表征它们所栖息的生态系统的特点,可用于监测冰灾后森林恢复和演替动态.而双向聚类分析和典范对应分析对于揭示土壤节肢动物的空间异质性及其与环境因子的相互关系具有理想的效果.
2008년초차팔령산지상록활협림수도중국남방80년일우적빙재적중창.위료게시재후림관개도적제도대토양절지동물다양성여분포적영향,재수빙재영향적차팔령산지상록활협림몰치2 ha고정양지,안조관층수손정도선취17개20 m×20 m적양방,용반구면영상기술획취림관개도,병분조락물층、0-10 cm화10-20 cm적광질상층채집조락물급상양양품,분석토양절지동물다양성.이용쌍향취류분석(two-way cluster analysis)대조락물층적토양절지동물화양지진행취류,이전범대응분석(canonical correspondence analysis)연구관층개도、토양유궤질、전도솔이급자연함수량여0-10 cm표토층토양절지동물적관계.결과표명토양절지동물적다도、봉부도화다양성수토양층적가심이하강,구유명현적표취성;림관개도여조락물층적토양절지동물류군수량정부상관;갑만아목、중기문아목화전기문아목동물대광조적괄응범위엄;막시목、초시목유충、종합강화위갈목동물구유명현적피광성;토양절지동물류군적분포여림관개도、토양자연함수량、전도솔화유궤질관계밀절.인차가이추론,빙재대차팔령산지상록활협림관층적파배급토양인자적변화회진일보영향토양절지동물군락적조성화분포.본항연구환표명,토양절지동물군락능유효지표정타문소서식적생태계통적특점,가용우감측빙재후삼림회복화연체동태.이쌍향취류분석화전범대응분석대우게시토양절지동물적공간이질성급기여배경인자적상호관계구유이상적효과.
In 2008, an ice storm caused extensive damage to the montane evergreen broadleaved forest in Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. To assess the response of soil arthropod diversity and distribution to a gradient of canopy openness following the ice storm, 17 plots, each 400 m~2, were selected within a 2-ha permanent plot. Canopy openness was estimated with hemispherical photography in each plot. We sampled the litter layer and two soil layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) to measure arthropod diversity and soil properties. We used two-way cluster analysis to group sites based on arthropod abundance in the litter layer. We also utilized canonical correspondence analysis to reveal relationships between soil arthropods in the 0-10 cm layer and four environmental variables, i.e., canopy openness (CO), soil organic matter (SOM), electric conductivity (EC), and natural moisture content (NMC). Results showed that abundance, richness and diversity of arthropod communities decreased with depth. A negative association was found between canopy openness and the number of arthropod groups in the litter layer; some arthropod taxa, such as the Oribatida, Prostigmata and Mesostigmata, were found in a wide range of light conditions, whereas the Hymenoptera, Symphyla, Pseudoscorpiones and Lepidoptera larvae may be photophobic. The distribution of arthropods in the 0-10 cm soil layer was closely related to CO, SOM, EC, and NMC on the first and second canonical axes. Hence, a series of changes in canopy structure and soil factors following the ice storm appeared to have affected the composition and distribution of soil arthropod communities. Findings from the present study also indicated that arthropod communities could serve as indicators to characterize the ecosystems they inhabit, thus being particularly suitable for monitoring forest regeneration and successional dynamics following ice storms.