CAJ | 학술논문

改革开放30年来,上亿农村劳动力实现了向城镇非农产业大规模转移,而我国沿袭至今的劳动就业统计制度突出的缺陷是将三部分人--在农村从事纯农的农民,在城镇从事非农工作但户口在农村的农民工,游移于乡城间"亦工亦农"的农村劳动力--排除于劳动统计计量之外.不解决这部分劳动力就业的统计计量的问题,则很难准确回答"中国的失业率究竟有多高?".为此,确定严格的、便于与国际接轨的劳动就业标准,从而构建我国统一的、规范的劳动就业市场至关重要.本文着重探讨了游移于农村与城市之间、就业岗位、就业时间不固定的农村劳动力就业、失业不充分的计量问题.作者在对国内外就业和失业定义和计量标准进行比较和评价基础上,结合我国实情提出了以法定劳动力年工时为核心的劳动力流动性就业的调查和计量方法,并通过调查案例证实了它的有效性与可行性.
개혁개방30년래,상억농촌노동력실현료향성진비농산업대규모전이,이아국연습지금적노동취업통계제도돌출적결함시장삼부분인--재농촌종사순농적농민,재성진종사비농공작단호구재농촌적농민공,유이우향성간"역공역농"적농촌노동력--배제우노동통계계량지외.불해결저부분노동력취업적통계계량적문제,칙흔난준학회답"중국적실업솔구경유다고?".위차,학정엄격적、편우여국제접궤적노동취업표준,종이구건아국통일적、규범적노동취업시장지관중요.본문착중탐토료유이우농촌여성시지간、취업강위、취업시간불고정적농촌노동력취업、실업불충분적계량문제.작자재대국내외취업화실업정의화계량표준진행비교화평개기출상,결합아국실정제출료이법정노동력년공시위핵심적노동력류동성취업적조사화계량방법,병통과조사안예증실료타적유효성여가행성.
Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening-up in 1978, there has been a large-scale shift of labors from rural China to the urban non-agricultural industries, and millions of farmers have transferred into urban labors in this process. However, the traditional employment statistical system in China has a fatal defect that it excludes three groups of people who take up the majority of China's labor force, i.e.a)farmers who do field works only; b) rural labors who do non-agricuhural works in cities, and c)rural labors who migrate frequently between rural and urban area. In this way, if we do not take into account the statistical problems of these popalations, we may fail to give an accurate answer the question of China's unemployment rate. Therefore, it is very important to define an employment criterion that is strict and close to international standard to construct a unified and normative labor market in China. This article focused on how to measure employment and under-employment of the rural labors that migrate frequently from the countryside to cities and experience unfixed working positions and working hours. On the basis of comparison as well as evaluation of the criteria concerning the definition and measurement of employment and unemployment in China and abroad, we design a new measurement system suitable for rural labors' floating employment that is centered on legal year working hours and prove it to be succeeded by several case studies.