中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
2011年
7期
514-518
,共5页
史廷明%翁少凡%刘跃伟%陶华%王欣%郭雁飞%王和平%王海椒%王克虹%余丹%陈卫红
史廷明%翁少凡%劉躍偉%陶華%王訢%郭雁飛%王和平%王海椒%王剋虹%餘丹%陳衛紅
사정명%옹소범%류약위%도화%왕흔%곽안비%왕화평%왕해초%왕극홍%여단%진위홍
废弃物%职业暴露%垃圾处理%危险因素%呼吸道感染
廢棄物%職業暴露%垃圾處理%危險因素%呼吸道感染
폐기물%직업폭로%랄급처리%위험인소%호흡도감염
Waste products%Occupational exposure%Refuse disposal%Risk factors%Respiratory tract infections
目的 分析某大型固体废弃物填埋场的职业有害因素及其对从业人员健康的危害.方法 按国家相关标准方法测定固体废弃物填埋作业场所粉尘、有害气体和物理性有害因素,连续2年进行填埋场作业人员的一般体检和肺功能测定、听力检查、神经系统及嗅觉检查,测定尿样中铅、镉和汞含量,采用彗星试验方法测定作业人员外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤.结果 固体废弃物填埋场主要职业有害因素为粉尘、有害气体、高温和噪声.其中,某些作业岗位氧化物、一氧化碳、噪声和夏季气温超过国家职业卫生接触限值.对作业人员健康状况分析显示,一线工人和现场技术管理人员的呼吸道炎症患病率为21.1%,肺功能下降率为11.5%,明显高于行政管理人员(7.1%和0),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);一线工人和现场技术管理人员出现神经系统异常的百分率为50.0%,明显高于行政管理(26.7%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).10.3%的推土机司机由于长期接触高强度噪声引起听力下降.此外,外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤者中75%是一线工人.结论 固体废弃物填埋行业的职业危害因素对作业人员存在明确的健康危害,应加强防护.
目的 分析某大型固體廢棄物填埋場的職業有害因素及其對從業人員健康的危害.方法 按國傢相關標準方法測定固體廢棄物填埋作業場所粉塵、有害氣體和物理性有害因素,連續2年進行填埋場作業人員的一般體檢和肺功能測定、聽力檢查、神經繫統及嗅覺檢查,測定尿樣中鉛、鎘和汞含量,採用彗星試驗方法測定作業人員外週血淋巴細胞DNA損傷.結果 固體廢棄物填埋場主要職業有害因素為粉塵、有害氣體、高溫和譟聲.其中,某些作業崗位氧化物、一氧化碳、譟聲和夏季氣溫超過國傢職業衛生接觸限值.對作業人員健康狀況分析顯示,一線工人和現場技術管理人員的呼吸道炎癥患病率為21.1%,肺功能下降率為11.5%,明顯高于行政管理人員(7.1%和0),差異有統計學意義(P＜0.05);一線工人和現場技術管理人員齣現神經繫統異常的百分率為50.0%,明顯高于行政管理(26.7%),差異有統計學意義(P＜0.05).10.3%的推土機司機由于長期接觸高彊度譟聲引起聽力下降.此外,外週血淋巴細胞DNA損傷者中75%是一線工人.結論 固體廢棄物填埋行業的職業危害因素對作業人員存在明確的健康危害,應加彊防護.
목적 분석모대형고체폐기물전매장적직업유해인소급기대종업인원건강적위해.방법 안국가상관표준방법측정고체폐기물전매작업장소분진、유해기체화물이성유해인소,련속2년진행전매장작업인원적일반체검화폐공능측정、은력검사、신경계통급후각검사,측정뇨양중연、력화홍함량,채용혜성시험방법측정작업인원외주혈림파세포DNA손상.결과 고체폐기물전매장주요직업유해인소위분진、유해기체、고온화조성.기중,모사작업강위양화물、일양화탄、조성화하계기온초과국가직업위생접촉한치.대작업인원건강상황분석현시,일선공인화현장기술관리인원적호흡도염증환병솔위21.1%,폐공능하강솔위11.5%,명현고우행정관리인원(7.1%화0),차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05);일선공인화현장기술관리인원출현신경계통이상적백분솔위50.0%,명현고우행정관리(26.7%),차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05).10.3%적추토궤사궤유우장기접촉고강도조성인기은력하강.차외,외주혈림파세포DNA손상자중75%시일선공인.결론 고체폐기물전매행업적직업위해인소대작업인원존재명학적건강위해,응가강방호.
Objective To determine occupational hazards in work sites of a large solid waste landfill and analyze their adverse health effects. Method The national standardized detection methods were used to determine dust concentration, harmful gas and physical factors in worksites. Routine physical examination,pulmonary function, hearing tests and nervous system test were performed in workers for 2 consecutive years.Urine lead, cadmium and mercury contents were detected. The comet assay was use to measure DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among workers. Result The main occupational hazard factors in this solid landfill are dust, harmful gas, high temperature and noise. The oxides, carbon monoxide, and noise and high temperatures in summer at some work sites exceeded the national occupational exposure limits. The prevalence of respiratory inflammation and rate of pulmonary function decrease among front-line workers and on-site technical managers are 21.2% and 11.5%, which are significantly higher than those among administrative staff (7.1% and 0)(P＜0.05). Nervous system abnormalities rate of front-line workers and on-site technical managers was 50.0%, which is significantly higher than that (26.7%) of administrative staff (P＜0.05). Because of long-term exposure to high intensity noice, hearing loss rate of bulldozer drivers was 10.3%. In addition, about 75% of workers with DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte are front-line workers. Conclusion Adverse health effects from occupational hazards were observed among workers in this solid waste landfill.
