机械工程学报
機械工程學報
궤계공정학보
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2009年
12期
289-294,299
,共7页
轻量化设计%材料替代%薄壁结构%应变能分析%车身结构
輕量化設計%材料替代%薄壁結構%應變能分析%車身結構
경양화설계%재료체대%박벽결구%응변능분석%차신결구
Lightweight design%Material substitution%Thin-walled structure%Strain energy analysis%Automotive body structure
通过对板壳结构有限单元的弯曲应变能和膜应变能进行分析,得到一个采用不同材料的薄壁结构的刚度之间的近似解析关系式.将其与结构刚度的有限元计算分析过程相结合,提出一种不同材料但等刚度的薄壁结构的迭代设计方法和材料替代轻量化分析方法.分析得到的薄壁结构关于板壳的弯曲应变能占总的应变能的比例λ的等刚度曲线,可用于直观地评价材料替代得到的等刚度结构的轻量化效果,可指导薄壁结构的轻量化设计.分析表明,材料替代对薄壁结构刚度的影响不仅与材料的弹性特性和板壳厚度相关,还与给定载荷下结构的λ参数相关.对于铝板替代钢板的薄壁结构设计问题,λ越高,则等刚度铝板结构的轻量化效果越明显.通过对一个悬臂薄壁钢板曲梁结构和一个典型车身接头结构的材料替代设计和轻量化分析,验证了提出的设计、分析方法的有效性和结论的正确性.
通過對闆殼結構有限單元的彎麯應變能和膜應變能進行分析,得到一箇採用不同材料的薄壁結構的剛度之間的近似解析關繫式.將其與結構剛度的有限元計算分析過程相結閤,提齣一種不同材料但等剛度的薄壁結構的迭代設計方法和材料替代輕量化分析方法.分析得到的薄壁結構關于闆殼的彎麯應變能佔總的應變能的比例λ的等剛度麯線,可用于直觀地評價材料替代得到的等剛度結構的輕量化效果,可指導薄壁結構的輕量化設計.分析錶明,材料替代對薄壁結構剛度的影響不僅與材料的彈性特性和闆殼厚度相關,還與給定載荷下結構的λ參數相關.對于鋁闆替代鋼闆的薄壁結構設計問題,λ越高,則等剛度鋁闆結構的輕量化效果越明顯.通過對一箇懸臂薄壁鋼闆麯樑結構和一箇典型車身接頭結構的材料替代設計和輕量化分析,驗證瞭提齣的設計、分析方法的有效性和結論的正確性.
통과대판각결구유한단원적만곡응변능화막응변능진행분석,득도일개채용불동재료적박벽결구적강도지간적근사해석관계식.장기여결구강도적유한원계산분석과정상결합,제출일충불동재료단등강도적박벽결구적질대설계방법화재료체대경양화분석방법.분석득도적박벽결구관우판각적만곡응변능점총적응변능적비례λ적등강도곡선,가용우직관지평개재료체대득도적등강도결구적경양화효과,가지도박벽결구적경양화설계.분석표명,재료체대대박벽결구강도적영향불부여재료적탄성특성화판각후도상관,환여급정재하하결구적λ삼수상관.대우려판체대강판적박벽결구설계문제,λ월고,칙등강도려판결구적경양화효과월명현.통과대일개현비박벽강판곡량결구화일개전형차신접두결구적재료체대설계화경양화분석,험증료제출적설계、분석방법적유효성화결론적정학성.
An approximate analytical expression for the calculation of the stiffness of thin-walled structures of different materials is developed on the basis of bending and membrane strain energy analysis of shell finite elements. The analytical expression combining with finite element analysis gives an analysis method for lightweight material substitution design of thin-walled structures with equal stiffness. The lightweight effect of material substitution can be estimated by using material density and thickness of the two structures, and an equal-stiffness curve with respect to the ratio of shell bending strain energy to the total strain energy λ of structure is presented to show the lightweight effect and to guide the lightweight design of thin-walled structures. It is also shown that the influence of material substitution on structural stiffness is related not only to the material properties and shell thickness but also the ratioλ. For design problems of substituting aluminum structures for equal-stiffness steel ones, lightweight benefit increases quickly with the ratio increasing. Two aluminum substitution designs, with equal-stiffness requirement, for a curved thin-walled steel beam and a typical car body joint are discussed, and the lightweight effects are analyzed, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed design and analysis method and related conclusions.
