CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]了解人参根际土壤中的病原真菌种类及其分布规律.[方法]于2008和2009年的5～10月间,选取辽宁省的桓仁县、吉林省的集安市和抚松县3个地区人参产地的林下参、棚下参和农田参生长地作为主要的采样地,采用"之"字形采样法采集土壤样品200余份.采用土壤稀释平板法,将样品分别稀释至10-3、10-4、10-5倍;采用土壤平板法,称取0.005 g的土壤样品,与孟加拉红培养基混合均匀.分离培养时,置于25 ℃恒温箱中培养5～7 d;对菌种进行纯化时,将Fusarium转移至SNA培养基上;将Penicillium和 Aspergillus转至CA、CYA、MEA培养基上,置于恒温箱25 ℃光暗交替培养.将其他真菌转至PDA培养基上进行标准培养.对分离获得的真菌菌落进行纯化培养,在显微镜下观察真菌形态特征并进行种类鉴定.[结果]该研究共分离和鉴定出22属33种真菌,其中在桓仁地区分离出15种真菌,在集安地区分离出17种真菌,在抚松地区分离出13种真菌.人参生长的环境条件对人参根际土壤真菌种群的组成、数量及多样性分布均有一定的影响.三地人参根际土壤真菌的优势种群为青霉、木霉及镰孢菌.集安市人参根际土壤真菌的优势种群为青霉,桓仁县优势种群为木霉.从生态学研究结果来看,集安市多样性指数(2.279 4)和丰富度指数(3.505 4)均高于桓仁县和抚松县,表明其生态环境适于较多生物类群生长.但集安市人参根际土壤真菌的均匀度最低(0.804 5),说明其分布并不十分均匀.抚松人参根际土壤真菌的均匀度最高(0.870 7),说明该地区该种复合栽培方式人参根际土壤真菌种群趋向稳定.桓仁地区各项指标居中,说明林下栽培的人参气候冷凉湿润、四季分明,真菌的物种丰富度、个体数、多样性指数都趋于稳定,这也体现了地貌、土壤综合作用的结果.[结论]该研究为科学和有效地防治人参病害提供了理论依据. [目的]瞭解人參根際土壤中的病原真菌種類及其分佈規律.[方法]于2008和2009年的5～10月間,選取遼寧省的桓仁縣、吉林省的集安市和撫鬆縣3箇地區人參產地的林下參、棚下參和農田參生長地作為主要的採樣地,採用"之"字形採樣法採集土壤樣品200餘份.採用土壤稀釋平闆法,將樣品分彆稀釋至10-3、10-4、10-5倍;採用土壤平闆法,稱取0.005 g的土壤樣品,與孟加拉紅培養基混閤均勻.分離培養時,置于25 ℃恆溫箱中培養5～7 d;對菌種進行純化時,將Fusarium轉移至SNA培養基上;將Penicillium和 Aspergillus轉至CA、CYA、MEA培養基上,置于恆溫箱25 ℃光暗交替培養.將其他真菌轉至PDA培養基上進行標準培養.對分離穫得的真菌菌落進行純化培養,在顯微鏡下觀察真菌形態特徵併進行種類鑒定.[結果]該研究共分離和鑒定齣22屬33種真菌,其中在桓仁地區分離齣15種真菌,在集安地區分離齣17種真菌,在撫鬆地區分離齣13種真菌.人參生長的環境條件對人參根際土壤真菌種群的組成、數量及多樣性分佈均有一定的影響.三地人參根際土壤真菌的優勢種群為青黴、木黴及鐮孢菌.集安市人參根際土壤真菌的優勢種群為青黴,桓仁縣優勢種群為木黴.從生態學研究結果來看,集安市多樣性指數(2.279 4)和豐富度指數(3.505 4)均高于桓仁縣和撫鬆縣,錶明其生態環境適于較多生物類群生長.但集安市人參根際土壤真菌的均勻度最低(0.804 5),說明其分佈併不十分均勻.撫鬆人參根際土壤真菌的均勻度最高(0.870 7),說明該地區該種複閤栽培方式人參根際土壤真菌種群趨嚮穩定.桓仁地區各項指標居中,說明林下栽培的人參氣候冷涼濕潤、四季分明,真菌的物種豐富度、箇體數、多樣性指數都趨于穩定,這也體現瞭地貌、土壤綜閤作用的結果.[結論]該研究為科學和有效地防治人參病害提供瞭理論依據.
[목적]료해인삼근제토양중적병원진균충류급기분포규률.[방법]우2008화2009년적5～10월간,선취요녕성적환인현、길림성적집안시화무송현3개지구인삼산지적림하삼、붕하삼화농전삼생장지작위주요적채양지,채용"지"자형채양법채집토양양품200여빈.채용토양희석평판법,장양품분별희석지10-3、10-4、10-5배;채용토양평판법,칭취0.005 g적토양양품,여맹가랍홍배양기혼합균균.분리배양시,치우25 ℃항온상중배양5～7 d;대균충진행순화시,장Fusarium전이지SNA배양기상;장Penicillium화 Aspergillus전지CA、CYA、MEA배양기상,치우항온상25 ℃광암교체배양.장기타진균전지PDA배양기상진행표준배양.대분리획득적진균균락진행순화배양,재현미경하관찰진균형태특정병진행충류감정.[결과]해연구공분리화감정출22속33충진균,기중재환인지구분리출15충진균,재집안지구분리출17충진균,재무송지구분리출13충진균.인삼생장적배경조건대인삼근제토양진균충군적조성、수량급다양성분포균유일정적영향.삼지인삼근제토양진균적우세충군위청매、목매급렴포균.집안시인삼근제토양진균적우세충군위청매,환인현우세충군위목매.종생태학연구결과래간,집안시다양성지수(2.279 4)화봉부도지수(3.505 4)균고우환인현화무송현,표명기생태배경괄우교다생물류군생장.단집안시인삼근제토양진균적균균도최저(0.804 5),설명기분포병불십분균균.무송인삼근제토양진균적균균도최고(0.870 7),설명해지구해충복합재배방식인삼근제토양진균충군추향은정.환인지구각항지표거중,설명림하재배적인삼기후랭량습윤、사계분명,진균적물충봉부도、개체수、다양성지수도추우은정,저야체현료지모、토양종합작용적결과.[결론]해연구위과학화유효지방치인삼병해제공료이론의거.
[Objective] The aim was to know the pathogenic fungi types and distribution law in ginseng rhizosphere soil. [Method] During May to Oct. in 2008 and 2009, more than 200 soil samples were collected from ginseng rhizosphere soil in Ji'an City, Fusong County of Jilin Province and Huanren County of Liaoning Province. Soil dilution plate method and soil particle method were adopted to isolate and culture soil fungi, then classification and identification were carried out. [Result] 33 species of 22 fungal genera were identified. The results showed that the composition, quality and diversity distribution of soil fungal populations were affected by the environmental conditions of ginseng growing areas. The dominant fungal populations in three investigated areas were Penicillium, Trichoderma and Fusarium. The Penicillium species was the major fungal population in Ji'an ginseng rhizosphere soil, and the Trichoderma species was the dominant fungal group in Huanren ginseng rhizosphere soil. In view of ecological statistical analysis, Ji'an fungal biodiversity index (H′) and uniformity index (J) were greater than Huanren County and Fusong County. It indicated that the diversity of eco-environment had an evident effect on soil fungal diversity of ginseng rhizosphere soil. [Conclusion] The study will provide theoretical basis for scientific and effective ginseng disease prevention and control.