CAJ | 학술논문

腐烂病是我国苹果树上一种严重的树干皮层腐烂病害,本研究拟探索快速、可靠、稳定及操作简便的病害室内评价方法.在"富士"苹果离体叶片、嫩梢、果实和枝条上造成不同伤口,强致病菌株03-8接种,25℃保湿培养后调查发现,不接菌对照有、无伤口均不发病;各种伤121接种病原菌均能发病,但伤口类型对病害影响很大.叶片正面较反面更有利于发病,叶片正面1针和10针的刺伤发病无明显差异;嫩梢叶痕接种较刺伤接种发病轻;果实表面针刺1针和10针及去除果皮造成伤口对发病影响大,差异显著;枝条烫伤接种后10 d发病明显而其它材料在接种后1.5～2 d即可发病.进一步用4个致病力不同的菌株验证评价方法的可靠性和稳定性,发现接种完全展开叶、嫩梢和枝条均可以充分显示不同菌株之间的致病力差异,但前两者重复性好、试验周期短、鉴定效率高,且操作简便、材料易得,因此建议用离体叶片或嫩梢作为材料,针刺1针接种,25℃保湿培养2 d后调查,作为室内准确、快速评价苹果树腐烂病的方法,该方法可用于筛选抗病材料、评价分离株的致病性和药剂的防病效果等.
부란병시아국평과수상일충엄중적수간피층부란병해,본연구의탐색쾌속、가고、은정급조작간편적병해실내평개방법.재"부사"평과리체협편、눈소、과실화지조상조성불동상구,강치병균주03-8접충,25℃보습배양후조사발현,불접균대조유、무상구균불발병;각충상121접충병원균균능발병,단상구류형대병해영향흔대.협편정면교반면경유리우발병,협편정면1침화10침적자상발병무명현차이;눈소협흔접충교자상접충발병경;과실표면침자1침화10침급거제과피조성상구대발병영향대,차이현저;지조탕상접충후10 d발병명현이기타재료재접충후1.5～2 d즉가발병.진일보용4개치병력불동적균주험증평개방법적가고성화은정성,발현접충완전전개협、눈소화지조균가이충분현시불동균주지간적치병력차이,단전량자중복성호、시험주기단、감정효솔고,차조작간편、재료역득,인차건의용리체협편혹눈소작위재료,침자1침접충,25℃보습배양2 d후조사,작위실내준학、쾌속평개평과수부란병적방법,해방법가용우사선항병재료、평개분리주적치병성화약제적방병효과등.
Valsa canker is one of the most destructive bark-rot diseases on trunk of apple tree in Chilina.The aim of the research was to develop a simple but stable.efficient and easy method for diseasc evaluation in laboratory.Excised leaves,young shoots,fruits and twigs of‘Fuji'apple trees were inoculated with a virulent isolate 03-8 after making different wounds.The samples were kept at 25℃in a saturated moisture box.No disease was found in uninoculated and/or unwounded samples,while lesions were occurred in treatments by wound inoculation.The type of wound affected the disease development greatly.Lesions developed much faster on upper side wound than lower side of the leave.No significant difference was observed between wounds pricking one time and ten times on upper side of the leave.Bigger lesions were formed on young shoots by pricking wound than leaf scar.There were significant differences(P＜0.05)among wounds of pricking one time,ten times and removing partial peel on fruits.Also,the disease developed much faster on leaf,young shoot and fruit samples(1.5-2 days)than on the twigs(10 days).Furthermore,four different virulent isolates were used to test the reliability and stability of the method.The results showed that expanded leaves or young shoots were better materials than twigs and.fruits because different lesions caused by the different isolates could be observed obviously in less than 3 days.Thus.the evaluation method for Valsa canker Was suggested as follows:using detached expanded leave or young shoot as plant material in growing season,inoculating one pathogenic fungi disc on the upper side of leaf or surface of shoot after pricking one time with needle,keeping at 25℃ for 2 days in a satisfied moisture box,then measuring the lesion diameter.This method could be used to assess materials in quantity at a short time,obtain good results from replication,screen resistant cultivar,test isolate virulence and chemical efficacy indoor.