CAJ | 학술논문

生境破坏及其影响是生态学亟待解决的问题之一,目前的研究主要集中在破坏数量,即遭破坏生境的比例,对物种续存的影响方面;其中最主要的结论是Levins原理和适合生境斑块最小数量(MASH),而关于生境破坏的空间结构的研究却比较稀少,在本文中,我们首先将偶对近似引入到集合种群的研究当中,并替代原有的均匀场假设.然后我们对生境破坏导致的集合种群大小、空间结构以及分布等做了全面讨论.结果显示:随破坏比例的增加,集合种群大小将下降并且其分布将远离破坏生境.进一步聚集式分布结构将瓦解.随着破坏规则化的下降,集合种群将萎缩并使其聚集结构崩溃,在破坏生境周围集合种群起初将增加然后迅速消失.根据这些结果,我们可以对边界效应进行分析:不能用破坏比例描述生境破坏的程度和影响,而只能用破坏区域边界的长短来描述.根据边界效应,我们可以得出在一连通生境上物种保护的条件是生境破坏后剩余的适合生境比例应该大于破坏前原始生境的一半.居住在斑块环境中的物种比连续生境中生存的物种可以更好地抵抗生境破坏带来的影响.
생경파배급기영향시생태학극대해결적문제지일,목전적연구주요집중재파배수량,즉조파배생경적비례,대물충속존적영향방면;기중최주요적결론시Levins원리화괄합생경반괴최소수량(MASH),이관우생경파배적공간결구적연구각비교희소,재본문중,아문수선장우대근사인입도집합충군적연구당중,병체대원유적균균장가설.연후아문대생경파배도치적집합충군대소、공간결구이급분포등주료전면토론.결과현시:수파배비례적증가,집합충군대소장하강병차기분포장원리파배생경.진일보취집식분포결구장와해.수착파배규칙화적하강,집합충군장위축병사기취집결구붕궤,재파배생경주위집합충군기초장증가연후신속소실.근거저사결과,아문가이대변계효응진행분석:불능용파배비례묘술생경파배적정도화영향,이지능용파배구역변계적장단래묘술.근거변계효응,아문가이득출재일련통생경상물충보호적조건시생경파배후잉여적괄합생경비례응해대우파배전원시생경적일반.거주재반괴배경중적물충비련속생경중생존적물충가이경호지저항생경파배대래적영향.
Habitat destruction is one of the most important desiderate problemin ecology, and researches always focus on the influences of destruction quantity, that is the fraction of destroyed habitat, on species' persistence, in which the most importantresult is the Levins rule and the minimum amount of suitable habitat (MASH). The im-portance of spatial structure of habitat destruction is scarcely concerned. In this paper,we first introduce the pair approximation into the study of metapopulation, ubstitutingfor the mean-field approximation. And then, we fully discuss the size, spatial structureand distribution of metapopulation induced by habitat destruction with spatial struc-ture. The results show that with the increases of destroyed fraction, the metapopulationsizes will decrease and distribute far away from the destroyed habitat, the clusteringstructure of metapopulation will collapses. With the decreases of destroyed clusteringdegree, the metapopulation will atrophy and the clustering structure will break down,and the metapopulation will increases and then disappears near the destroyed habitat.According to these esults, we can analyze the edge effect: it is not the fraction of habi-tat destruction but the boundary length of destroyed habitat that can depict the fullinfluences of habitat destruction. With the edge effect, we cursorily suggest that the re-maining habitat under destruction should prior to half of the origin to protect the speciesagainst extinction in a connective habitat. And the species living in patchy habitat willhave more resistance to habitat destruction than those residing in continuous habitat.