CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]比较环草石斛和铁皮石斛试管苗叶片的气孔特征和光合特性。[方法]对环草石斛和铁皮石斛不同生长发育时期试管苗叶片的气孔进行扫描电镜观察,并用调制式荧光仪测定荧光诱导光响应曲线。[结果]在各个生长发育时期,环草石斛试管苗叶片的气孔密度均明显高于铁皮石斛,而气孔开放率则较低。随着生长时间的延长,环草石斛和铁皮石斛试管苗叶片气孔的大小变化不大,而气孔的数量则逐渐增加,气孔密度分别增加了83%和17.6%,两者均以播种生长240d时叶片的气孔开放率最高。在设定的3种光照强度下,环草石斛试管苗叶片气孔开放程度随光强的增加而增大,光强为54μmol/（m2.s）时气孔的开放度最大。在相同的培养条件下,环草石斛试管苗的最大电子传递速率14μmol/（m2.s）和光饱和点318μmol/（m2.s）均低于铁皮石斛20μmol/（m2.s）,483μmol/（m2.s）,其潜在的光合作用能力较差。[结论]不同种类石斛试管苗的气孔特性不同,因而光合速率也不同。通常组培室内的光强为27μmol/（m2.s）,这样的条件下,两种石斛试管苗叶片气孔的开度都未达到最佳状态。若能遵循试管苗对光照强度的需求规律,选择合适的培养条件,增大气孔开度,提高光合速率,将更有利于试管苗的生长发育。
[목적]비교배초석곡화철피석곡시관묘협편적기공특정화광합특성。[방법]대배초석곡화철피석곡불동생장발육시기시관묘협편적기공진행소묘전경관찰,병용조제식형광의측정형광유도광향응곡선。[결과]재각개생장발육시기,배초석곡시관묘협편적기공밀도균명현고우철피석곡,이기공개방솔칙교저。수착생장시간적연장,배초석곡화철피석곡시관묘협편기공적대소변화불대,이기공적수량칙축점증가,기공밀도분별증가료83%화17.6%,량자균이파충생장240d시협편적기공개방솔최고。재설정적3충광조강도하,배초석곡시관묘협편기공개방정도수광강적증가이증대,광강위54μmol/（m2.s）시기공적개방도최대。재상동적배양조건하,배초석곡시관묘적최대전자전체속솔14μmol/（m2.s）화광포화점318μmol/（m2.s）균저우철피석곡20μmol/（m2.s）,483μmol/（m2.s）,기잠재적광합작용능력교차。[결론]불동충류석곡시관묘적기공특성불동,인이광합속솔야불동。통상조배실내적광강위27μmol/（m2.s）,저양적조건하,량충석곡시관묘협편기공적개도도미체도최가상태。약능준순시관묘대광조강도적수구규률,선택합괄적배양조건,증대기공개도,제고광합속솔,장경유리우시관묘적생장발육。
[Objective]This study was to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of growth and development of test-tube seedlings.[Methods]Leaf stomata of test-tube seedlings of D.loddigesii and D.candidum at different growth and development stages were observed under scanning electron microscope,and their fluorescence induction response curve was assayed by using modulate fluorometer.[Results] At each growth and development stage,D.loddigesii test-tube seedling has a higher leaf stomatal density over D.candidum,while a lower stomata opening rate.Along with the growth,the size of stomata of both D.loddigesii and D.candidum did not change obviously,but their stoma density increased by 83% and 17.6% respectively.Leaf stomata opening rate reached the highest at the age of 240-day-old.Under the conditions of three settled light intensities,stomatal opening degree of D.loddigesii was increased by the intensity of illumination,the maximum aperture occurred at the light intensity of 54 μmol/m2·s.Given the same culture condition,both the maximum electron transport rate（14 μmol/m2·s）and light saturation point（318 μmol/m2·s）of D.loddigesii test-tube seedling are lower than that of D.candidum（20 μmol/m2·s,483 μmol/m2·s）.Moreover,the potential photosynthetic capacity of D.loddigesii is relatively poor.[Conclusion]The photosynthetic rate varies among different species of Dendrobium,which could be attributed to their different stomatal characteristics.Usually,the light intensity of tissue culture chamber is set up as 27 μmol/（m2·s）,where both D.loddigesii and D.candidum do not acquire an optimal state for their leaf stomatal opening.Considering the characteristics to select suitable culture condition,the stomatal aperture and photosynthetic rate could be enhanced,which can promote the growth and development of test-tube seedlings.