CAJ | 학술논문

在日本漆器及漆器加工在绳纹文化时期（约开始于6300B．P．，即约5300B．C．）开始普及。漆树（Toxicodendron vernicifluum）被认为是史前从中国作为植物引入，一直在日本种植生长，但是一直没有这方面的考古证据，直至2004年这种漆树与本土的（Toxicodendron）树种的木材结构的被明确区分开为止。新的鉴别结果表明从绳纹时代早期开始（rvernicifluum）普遍种植于本州中部到北部。这说明从绳纹文化早期开始（Toxicodendron vernicifluum）一般种植于居住地周围，且被史前居民看作是周围环境中非常重要的一种自然资源。在绳纹文化时期大漆不仅仅被用作涂料。也用作粘结或模型材料。漆树不仅仅用于采集大漆，也用于底地的建筑。例如东京的Shimo—yakebe遗址的考古发掘表明，一百多棵漆树和栗树（Castaneacrenata）用于河边成排的木桩。Shimo—yakebe遗址的居民首先从种植于居住地周围的Toxicodendron vernicifluum树上采集大漆，然后砍伐漆树，将木头用于底地的建筑。同样Toxicodendron vernicifluum树在绳纹文化时期在底地建筑上的应用在本州中部和北部地区普遍被发现，可见绳纹文化时期的居民已清楚地认识到在饱水情况下Toxicodendron vernicifluum木材具有良好的耐久性。在10到20年前绳纹文化时期的居民传统上被看作是简单的采集狞猎者。Toxicodendron vernicifluum树在绳纹文化时期的利用表明这个时期该植物资源被引进、种植、管理、并多方利用，进而明确地证实史前先民并不是过着原始简单的生活。
재일본칠기급칠기가공재승문문화시기（약개시우6300B．P．，즉약5300B．C．）개시보급。칠수（Toxicodendron vernicifluum）피인위시사전종중국작위식물인입，일직재일본충식생장，단시일직몰유저방면적고고증거，직지2004년저충칠수여본토적（Toxicodendron）수충적목재결구적피명학구분개위지。신적감별결과표명종승문시대조기개시（rvernicifluum）보편충식우본주중부도북부。저설명종승문문화조기개시（Toxicodendron vernicifluum）일반충식우거주지주위，차피사전거민간작시주위배경중비상중요적일충자연자원。재승문문화시기대칠불부부피용작도료。야용작점결혹모형재료。칠수불부부용우채집대칠，야용우저지적건축。례여동경적Shimo—yakebe유지적고고발굴표명，일백다과칠수화률수（Castaneacrenata）용우하변성배적목장。Shimo—yakebe유지적거민수선종충식우거주지주위적Toxicodendron vernicifluum수상채집대칠，연후감벌칠수，장목두용우저지적건축。동양Toxicodendron vernicifluum수재승문문화시기재저지건축상적응용재본주중부화북부지구보편피발현，가견승문문화시기적거민이청초지인식도재포수정황하Toxicodendron vernicifluum목재구유량호적내구성。재10도20년전승문문화시기적거민전통상피간작시간단적채집영작자。Toxicodendron vernicifluum수재승문문화시기적이용표명저개시기해식물자원피인진、충식、관리、병다방이용，진이명학지증실사전선민병불시과착원시간단적생활。
In Japan, lacquered artefacts and remains of lacquer processing became common items in the early Jomon period beginning at ca. 6300 B. P. （ ca. 5300 cal B. C. ）. However, there was no archaeobotani- cal evidence that Toxicodendron vernicifluum （lacquer tree）, which is thought to be a prehistoric introduction from China on botanical grounds, grew in Japan until its distinction in wood structure from those of native Toxicodendron species was clarified in 2004. This new refinement in identification revealed that T. vernicifluum commonly grew in middle to northern Honshu since the early Jomon period. The results indicated that Toxicodendron vernicifluum was planted commonly around settlements since the early Jomon period and was regarded by the prehistoric people as an important item among the surrounding natural resources. In the Jomon periods, lacquer was used not only as paint, but also as glue or modeling material, and the trees were used not just for lacquer collection, but also for building in the lowland. At the Shimo - yakebe site, Tokyo, for example, more than one hundred of its trees were employed for rows of stakes in a river together with Cas- tanea crenata. Thus people at the Shimo - yakebe site first collected lacquer from Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees planted around settlements and then felled and used their timber for lowland construction. Similar usage of Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees during the Jomon period for lowland construction is commonly found in central and northern Honshu, and the Jomon people clearly recognized the durability of Toxicodendron vernici- fluum timber in such waterlogged conditions. Traditionally the Jomon people was regarded as plain hunter - gathers until ten to twenty years ago. Usage of Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees during the Jomon period shows introduction, plantation, management, and various employments of plant resources in this period and clearly denies the simple schema for the lives of this prehistoric people.