CAJ | 학술논문

勘察加半岛位于欧洲板块、北美板块和太平洋板块交汇的过渡带上,是世界火山活动最活跃的地区之一.其众多的热液系统不断的向地表释放地热气体和流体.以N2和CO2为主的地热气体也经常含有高浓度的H2,CH4和H2S.大气水和熔岩水构成了勘察加热泉水的主要源,水体温度从20 ℃到＞90 ℃不等.水化学性质变化同样显著,pH范围从3.1到9.8.热泉水溶解盐以氯化钠为主,同时包括K+,H3BO3,H4SiO4,Ca2+和SO42-等其他多种溶解组分.此区域也有以直链烷烃为主的石油形成.从勘察加的热泉系统中已分离出至少24种嗜热微生物.尽管其中大多数是异养微生物,但根据其生存环境的特点,自养微生物在热泉系统中可能同样很多.这些微生物对碳、硫和铁在热液系统中的生物地球化学循环有着非常重要的作用.目前,非培养的方法和生物定量的手段已用来研究勘察加热泉中微生物生态及其所具有的生物地球化学功能.
감찰가반도위우구주판괴、북미판괴화태평양판괴교회적과도대상,시세계화산활동최활약적지구지일.기음다적열액계통불단적향지표석방지열기체화류체.이N2화CO2위주적지열기체야경상함유고농도적H2,CH4화H2S.대기수화용암수구성료감찰가열천수적주요원,수체온도종20 ℃도＞90 ℃불등.수화학성질변화동양현저,pH범위종3.1도9.8.열천수용해염이록화납위주,동시포괄K+,H3BO3,H4SiO4,Ca2+화SO42-등기타다충용해조분.차구역야유이직련완경위주적석유형성.종감찰가적열천계통중이분리출지소24충기열미생물.진관기중대다수시이양미생물,단근거기생존배경적특점,자양미생물재열천계통중가능동양흔다.저사미생물대탄、류화철재열액계통중적생물지구화학순배유착비상중요적작용.목전,비배양적방법화생물정량적수단이용래연구감찰가열천중미생물생태급기소구유적생물지구화학공능.
Kamchatka is one of the most active regions of volcanism in the world because it is located in the transitional zone where the Eurasian plate, North American plate and Pacific plates meet. As a result, Kamchatka has numerous hydrothermal systems, which constantly release geothermal gases and fluids out to the earth surface. Geothermal gases such as N2 and CO2 may prevail in the outflows but H2, CH4 and H2S occur frequently. Hot spring waters in Kamchatka may have multiple origins including meteoric and magmatic water. The temperature of these hot springs ranges from ～20 ℃ to greater than 90 ℃. Water chemistry also varies dramatically with pH ranging from 3.1 to 9.8. Hydrothermal fluids are sodium chloride water dominant and may contain various dissolved constituents including K+, H3BO3, H4SiO4, Ca2+, and SO42-. Volcanic ore-formation prevails in the high thermal activity regions in Kamchatka and precipitates may be dominated by silica crusts, sulfur and Hg-Sb-As-FeS deposits. Oils are also generated in the region and dominated by n-alkanes.More than 24 novel thermophilic microorganisms have been isolated from hot springs in Kamchatka. Most of these isolates are heterotrophs; however, autotrophs may be equally abundant depending on the spring conditions. Collectively, these organisms may play important roles in biogeochemical cycling of carbon, sulfur and iron in the hydrothermal system. Culture-independent approaches and quantitative methods are now employed to enhance our understanding of the ecology and biogeochemical functions of microorganisms in Kamchatka hot springs.