CAJ | 학술논문

兽药在环境中的行为及其生态效应已成为目前生态毒理学研究的热点之一.恩诺沙星是畜禽养殖业中广泛应用的抗菌药物,它可随畜禽排泄物进入环境,对环境生物产生影响.为对恩诺沙星的生态安全评价提供依据,利用小型模型水生态系统研究了恩诺沙星在其中的降解及其对底泥微生物数量的影响,于室外大棚以自然发生法构建了小型模型水生态系统(水生微宇宙),培育2个月待其稳定后用于试验研究.试验设恩诺沙星0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2和0.5mg·L~(-1)5个浓度系列,1个空白对照.结果表明,试验初期恩诺沙星在模型水生生态系统中的消失速度很快,随时间推移消失速度逐步减慢,并且在低浓度时维持较长的时间;初始浓度越高,恩诺沙星在低浓度时维持的时间越久.在试验浓度范围内,恩诺沙星对淤泥中的好氧细菌、真菌、放线菌、氨化细菌和硝化细菌的数量均无显著影响.
수약재배경중적행위급기생태효응이성위목전생태독이학연구적열점지일.은낙사성시축금양식업중엄범응용적항균약물,타가수축금배설물진입배경,대배경생물산생영향.위대은낙사성적생태안전평개제공의거,이용소형모형수생태계통연구료은낙사성재기중적강해급기대저니미생물수량적영향,우실외대붕이자연발생법구건료소형모형수생태계통(수생미우주),배육2개월대기은정후용우시험연구.시험설은낙사성0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2화0.5mg·L~(-1)5개농도계렬,1개공백대조.결과표명,시험초기은낙사성재모형수생생태계통중적소실속도흔쾌,수시간추이소실속도축보감만,병차재저농도시유지교장적시간;초시농도월고,은낙사성재저농도시유지적시간월구.재시험농도범위내,은낙사성대어니중적호양세균、진균、방선균、안화세균화초화세균적수량균무현저영향.
Environmental behaviors and ecological effects of veterinary drug had been an increasingly hot topic in ecotoxicology. Considered as a most important antibiotic, enrofloxacin was widely applied to promote livestock production. However, enrofloxacin normally excreted into manure could adversely affect organisms of the surroundings. Degradation and impacts on silt microorganisms of enrofloxacin were determined in aquatic microcosms to evaluate ecological risk of antibiotics. Six of aquatic microcosms were successfully set up in natural conditions and applied for testing. Levels of enrofloxacin were designed to be 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1,0.2 and 0.5 mg·L~(-1) respectively for determining. The concen-tration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in water samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The population of aerobic bacteria, fungus, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in silt were determined by plate culti-vation method. The results showed that enrofloxacin was rapidly degraded in the initial stage in aquatic microcosms. Degradation of en-rofloxacin slowed down afterwards and enrofloxacin maintained in low concentration for a long time. It was observed that the higher concen-tration of antibiotic was in initial stage, the longer time low level maintained in. 0.02～0.5 mg·L~(-1) enrofloxacin had no significant effects on the population of aerobic bacteria, fungus, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in this experiment. Ecological effects of enrofloxacin on silt microorganism in aquatic ecosystem were finally discussed in the paper. It suggested that the molecular biological method should be adopted to assess the effects of veterinary drug on environmental microorganisms.