目的 调查上海市浦东新区妇女的自然绝经年龄、行经年限,观察初潮年龄与生育次数对自然绝经年龄和行经年限的影响.方法 2007年1月至2008年7月,以参加上海市浦东新区宫颈癌筛查的、年龄≥56岁的15 083例自然绝经妇女为研究对象,采用一对一的问卷方式,调查妇女的初潮年龄、生育次数、自然绝经年龄、行径年限等情况.将研究对象按年龄分为56～60、61～65、66～70和>70岁4个组.采用方差分析方法,比较各年龄组绝经年龄和行经年限的差异;采用多因素回归方法分析年龄组别、初潮年龄、生育次数与绝经年龄和行经年限的关系.结果 (1)自然绝经年龄:最小为29岁,最大为61岁,平均为(50.6±3.7)岁.56～60、61～65、66～70和>70岁4个年龄组的平均绝经年龄分别为(50.9±3.4)、(50.7±3.7)、(50.0±4.1)、(49.6±4.0)岁,随着年龄组的年轻化,平均绝经年龄呈逐渐增加趋势,最小年龄组与最大年龄组比较,平均绝经年龄相差1.36岁.(2)行经年限:最长为48年,最短为12年,平均(34.3±4.1)年.56～60、61～65、66～70和>70岁组的平均行经年限分别为(34.6±3.8)、(34.3±4.1)、(33.9±4.6)、(33.2±4.5)年;随着年龄组的年轻化,平均行经年限呈逐渐延长趋势,最大年龄组与最小年龄组比较,相差1.41年.(3)初潮年龄对绝经年龄和行经年限的影响:相关分析显示,初潮年龄与绝经年龄无明显相关性(r=0.02),初潮年龄与行经年限呈负相关(r=-0.43).(4)生育次数对绝经年龄和行经年限的影响:生育1～2次妇女的绝经年龄明显高于生育0次和≥3次的妇女,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但生育1次与2次的妇女及生育0次与≥3次的妇女绝经年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).生育1次的妇女行经年限明显长于生育1次以上的妇女,生育2次的妇女行经年限明显长于生育0次和≥3次的妇女,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);生育0次与≥3次者行经年限比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(5)行经年限的多因素回归分析:初潮年龄与行经年限呈明显的负相关(r=-0.97,P<0.001);不同年龄组别的行经年限相关分析显示,61～65、66～70和>70岁组与56～60岁组比较,差异均有统计学意义(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001和r=-1.23,P<0.001);生育1～2次者的行经年限明显长于生育0次和≥3次者.(6)绝经年龄的多因素回归分析:初潮年龄与绝经年龄无相关性(r=0.02);但不同年龄组别的绝经年龄的多因素分析显示,61-65、66～70和>70岁组妇女的绝经年龄与56～60岁组比较,差异也有统计学意义(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001、r=-1.23,P<0.001).生育1～2次的妇女绝经年龄明显高于生育0次和≥3次者,但生育1次与2次,0次与≥3次者间比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 (1)上海市浦东新区妇女的绝经年龄逐渐增加,行经年限呈延长趋势;(2)初潮年龄和生育次数是影响绝经年龄和行经年限的重要因素;(3)随着初潮年龄的年轻化,行经年限逐渐延长;(4)生育1～2次能明显推迟绝经年龄并且延长行经年限,而多次生育(≥3次)对绝经年龄和行经年限均无明显影响.
目的 調查上海市浦東新區婦女的自然絕經年齡、行經年限,觀察初潮年齡與生育次數對自然絕經年齡和行經年限的影響.方法 2007年1月至2008年7月,以參加上海市浦東新區宮頸癌篩查的、年齡≥56歲的15 083例自然絕經婦女為研究對象,採用一對一的問捲方式,調查婦女的初潮年齡、生育次數、自然絕經年齡、行徑年限等情況.將研究對象按年齡分為56～60、61～65、66～70和>70歲4箇組.採用方差分析方法,比較各年齡組絕經年齡和行經年限的差異;採用多因素迴歸方法分析年齡組彆、初潮年齡、生育次數與絕經年齡和行經年限的關繫.結果 (1)自然絕經年齡:最小為29歲,最大為61歲,平均為(50.6±3.7)歲.56～60、61～65、66～70和>70歲4箇年齡組的平均絕經年齡分彆為(50.9±3.4)、(50.7±3.7)、(50.0±4.1)、(49.6±4.0)歲,隨著年齡組的年輕化,平均絕經年齡呈逐漸增加趨勢,最小年齡組與最大年齡組比較,平均絕經年齡相差1.36歲.(2)行經年限:最長為48年,最短為12年,平均(34.3±4.1)年.56～60、61～65、66～70和>70歲組的平均行經年限分彆為(34.6±3.8)、(34.3±4.1)、(33.9±4.6)、(33.2±4.5)年;隨著年齡組的年輕化,平均行經年限呈逐漸延長趨勢,最大年齡組與最小年齡組比較,相差1.41年.(3)初潮年齡對絕經年齡和行經年限的影響:相關分析顯示,初潮年齡與絕經年齡無明顯相關性(r=0.02),初潮年齡與行經年限呈負相關(r=-0.43).(4)生育次數對絕經年齡和行經年限的影響:生育1～2次婦女的絕經年齡明顯高于生育0次和≥3次的婦女,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);但生育1次與2次的婦女及生育0次與≥3次的婦女絕經年齡比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05).生育1次的婦女行經年限明顯長于生育1次以上的婦女,生育2次的婦女行經年限明顯長于生育0次和≥3次的婦女,差異也有統計學意義(P<0.05);生育0次與≥3次者行經年限比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05).(5)行經年限的多因素迴歸分析:初潮年齡與行經年限呈明顯的負相關(r=-0.97,P<0.001);不同年齡組彆的行經年限相關分析顯示,61～65、66～70和>70歲組與56～60歲組比較,差異均有統計學意義(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001和r=-1.23,P<0.001);生育1～2次者的行經年限明顯長于生育0次和≥3次者.(6)絕經年齡的多因素迴歸分析:初潮年齡與絕經年齡無相關性(r=0.02);但不同年齡組彆的絕經年齡的多因素分析顯示,61-65、66～70和>70歲組婦女的絕經年齡與56～60歲組比較,差異也有統計學意義(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001、r=-1.23,P<0.001).生育1～2次的婦女絕經年齡明顯高于生育0次和≥3次者,但生育1次與2次,0次與≥3次者間比較,差異均無統計學意義.結論 (1)上海市浦東新區婦女的絕經年齡逐漸增加,行經年限呈延長趨勢;(2)初潮年齡和生育次數是影響絕經年齡和行經年限的重要因素;(3)隨著初潮年齡的年輕化,行經年限逐漸延長;(4)生育1～2次能明顯推遲絕經年齡併且延長行經年限,而多次生育(≥3次)對絕經年齡和行經年限均無明顯影響.
목적 조사상해시포동신구부녀적자연절경년령、행경년한,관찰초조년령여생육차수대자연절경년령화행경년한적영향.방법 2007년1월지2008년7월,이삼가상해시포동신구궁경암사사적、년령≥56세적15 083례자연절경부녀위연구대상,채용일대일적문권방식,조사부녀적초조년령、생육차수、자연절경년령、행경년한등정황.장연구대상안년령분위56～60、61～65、66～70화>70세4개조.채용방차분석방법,비교각년령조절경년령화행경년한적차이;채용다인소회귀방법분석년령조별、초조년령、생육차수여절경년령화행경년한적관계.결과 (1)자연절경년령:최소위29세,최대위61세,평균위(50.6±3.7)세.56～60、61～65、66～70화>70세4개년령조적평균절경년령분별위(50.9±3.4)、(50.7±3.7)、(50.0±4.1)、(49.6±4.0)세,수착년령조적년경화,평균절경년령정축점증가추세,최소년령조여최대년령조비교,평균절경년령상차1.36세.(2)행경년한:최장위48년,최단위12년,평균(34.3±4.1)년.56～60、61～65、66～70화>70세조적평균행경년한분별위(34.6±3.8)、(34.3±4.1)、(33.9±4.6)、(33.2±4.5)년;수착년령조적년경화,평균행경년한정축점연장추세,최대년령조여최소년령조비교,상차1.41년.(3)초조년령대절경년령화행경년한적영향:상관분석현시,초조년령여절경년령무명현상관성(r=0.02),초조년령여행경년한정부상관(r=-0.43).(4)생육차수대절경년령화행경년한적영향:생육1～2차부녀적절경년령명현고우생육0차화≥3차적부녀,차이유통계학의의(P<0.05);단생육1차여2차적부녀급생육0차여≥3차적부녀절경년령비교,차이균무통계학의의(P>0.05).생육1차적부녀행경년한명현장우생육1차이상적부녀,생육2차적부녀행경년한명현장우생육0차화≥3차적부녀,차이야유통계학의의(P<0.05);생육0차여≥3차자행경년한비교,차이무통계학의의(P>0.05).(5)행경년한적다인소회귀분석:초조년령여행경년한정명현적부상관(r=-0.97,P<0.001);불동년령조별적행경년한상관분석현시,61～65、66～70화>70세조여56～60세조비교,차이균유통계학의의(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001화r=-1.23,P<0.001);생육1～2차자적행경년한명현장우생육0차화≥3차자.(6)절경년령적다인소회귀분석:초조년령여절경년령무상관성(r=0.02);단불동년령조별적절경년령적다인소분석현시,61-65、66～70화>70세조부녀적절경년령여56～60세조비교,차이야유통계학의의(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001、r=-1.23,P<0.001).생육1～2차적부녀절경년령명현고우생육0차화≥3차자,단생육1차여2차,0차여≥3차자간비교,차이균무통계학의의.결론 (1)상해시포동신구부녀적절경년령축점증가,행경년한정연장추세;(2)초조년령화생육차수시영향절경년령화행경년한적중요인소;(3)수착초조년령적년경화,행경년한축점연장;(4)생육1～2차능명현추지절경년령병차연장행경년한,이다차생육(≥3차)대절경년령화행경년한균무명현영향.
Objective To investigate natural spontaneous menopausal age , menstruation span and their relationship with menarche age and parity in Pudong district of Shanghai. Methods From Jan 2007 to Jul 2008, 15 083 spontaneous menopause women undergoing cervical cancer screening were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire included menarche age, parity, spontaneous menopausal age and menstruation span. Those women were divided into four groups based on age, which were group of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing difference between menopausal age and menstruation span. Multiple factor regressions was used to analyze the relationship between menarche age, parity and menopausal age and menstruation span. Results (1) Spontaneous menopausal age: the minimum was 29 years old, the maximum was 61 years old, and the mean age was (50.6 ±3.7)years old. The mean spontaneous menopause age were (50.9 ± 3.4), ( 50.7 ± 3.7 ), (50.0 ± 4.1 ), (49.6 ±4.0) years in groups of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menopausal age were observed, which the difference of 1.36 year was shown between groups of 56 - 60 and more than 70 years. (2) Menstruation span: the mean of menstruation span was (34.3 ± 4.1 ) years, which the minimal age of 12 years and maximal age of 48 years were recorded. (34.6 ± 3.8), (34.3 ± 4.1 ), (33.9 ± 4.6), (33.2 ± 4. 5) were observed in groups of 56 - 60,61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menstruation span were observed, which the difference of 1.41 year was shown between groups of 56 –60 and more than 70 years. (3)The impact of menarche age on menopausal age and menstruation span: there was no correlation between menarche age and menopausal age ( r = 0.02); however, menstruation span was found to be negatively correlated with the menarche age ( r = - 0.43 ). (4) The impact of parity on menopausal age and menstruation span: the mean menopausal age of women who had 1 -2 deliveries was significantly higher than those had no delivery or more than 3 deliveries ( P < 0.05 ). However, there was no difference in menopausal age between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without delivery and more than 3 deliveries (P > 0.05). Menstruation span of women with 1 delivery was significantly longer that those with more than 1 delivery( P < 0.05 ), similarly, women with 2 deliveries had longer menstruation span than women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries(P < 0.05 ). There were no difference in menstruation span between women with more than 3 deliveries and without delivery ( P >0.05 ). (5) Multifactor regression analysis for menstruation span: menarche age was correlated with menstruation span negatively ( r = - 0.97,P <0.001 ). There was significantly different menstruation span between group of 61 -65, 66 -70 or more than 70 years and group of 56-60 (r= -0. 18, P=0.020; r= -0.78,P <0.001 and r= - 1.23,P<0.001). Menstruation span in women with 1 -2 deliveries was significantly longer than that of women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries. (6)Multifactor logistic analysis of menopausal age: there was no association between menarche age and menopausal age, however, significant differences were found in mean menopausal age between different groups, which show that menopausal age of group 56 - 60 years was significant higher than the other groups, including age-group 61 -65 years ,66 -70 years and over 70 years ( r = - 0.18, P = 0.020; r = - 0.78,P < 0.001; r = - 1.23, P < 0.001 ). Menopausal age in women with 1 - 2 deliveries was significantly higher than those of women without delivery or with more than 3 deliveries,however, no difference between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without deliveries and more than 3 deliveries was observed. Conclusion (1) Menopausal age and menstruation span exhibited increasing trends in Pudong district of Shanghai. (2) Menarche age and parity were the important factors influencing menopausal age and menstruation span. (3) With younger age of menarche, the menstruation span become longer. (4) Deliveries of 1 -2 times can significantly delay the menopause and prolong menstruation span, however, the multiple deliveries ( ≥ 3 times) had no significant impact on menopausal age and menstruation span.
