CAJ | 학술논문

为给新疆小麦品质育种提供理论依据,在新疆灌溉农业条件下,选用淀粉含量差异较大的普通小麦品种新春24、E28(高淀粉含量组)和宁春16、安农9912(低淀粉含量组)为材料,测定了籽粒灌浆过程中总淀粉及淀粉组分的含量,同时测定了籽粒束缚态淀粉合成酶(granule bound starch synthase,GBSS)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(soluble starch synthase,SSS)、淀粉分支酶(starch branching enzyme,SBE)和淀粉去分支酶(starch debranching enzyme,DBE)等相关酶的活性,并对其在籽粒灌浆过程中的变化及淀粉积累特征进行了相关分析.结果表明,高淀粉含量和低淀粉含量的小麦品种在籽粒淀粉积累量和积累速率上均存在明显的基因型差异.Logistic 方程拟合淀粉积累过程发现,支、直链淀粉最终积累量取决于积累启动时间的早晚和积累速率的大小,而最大积累速率出现时间的早晚对其调节作用较小.不同类型籽粒中的GBSS、SSS、SBE和DBE酶活性变化均呈现单峰曲线,峰值出现在花后12～24 d不等.4个品种的GBSS酶活性均与直链淀粉的积累速率呈极显著正相关,与总淀粉的积累速率达到显著或极显著正相关,但与支链淀粉积累速率的相关不显著.SBE和SSS酶活性与总淀粉的积累速率和支链淀粉的积累速率呈显著或极显著正相关,而与直链淀粉积累速率的相关不显著.DBE活性与淀粉积累速率的相关性不显著.淀粉合成关键酶活性间的相关性分析表明,高淀粉含量的品种DBE活性与SSS、GBSS和SBE相关达到显著或极显著水平,它们之间可能存在着协同作用.
위급신강소맥품질육충제공이론의거,재신강관개농업조건하,선용정분함량차이교대적보통소맥품충신춘24、E28(고정분함량조)화저춘16、안농9912(저정분함량조)위재료,측정료자립관장과정중총정분급정분조분적함량,동시측정료자립속박태정분합성매(granule bound starch synthase,GBSS)、가용성정분합성매(soluble starch synthase,SSS)、정분분지매(starch branching enzyme,SBE)화정분거분지매(starch debranching enzyme,DBE)등상관매적활성,병대기재자립관장과정중적변화급정분적루특정진행료상관분석.결과표명,고정분함량화저정분함량적소맥품충재자립정분적루량화적루속솔상균존재명현적기인형차이.Logistic 방정의합정분적루과정발현,지、직련정분최종적루량취결우적루계동시간적조만화적루속솔적대소,이최대적루속솔출현시간적조만대기조절작용교소.불동류형자립중적GBSS、SSS、SBE화DBE매활성변화균정현단봉곡선,봉치출현재화후12～24 d불등.4개품충적GBSS매활성균여직련정분적적루속솔정겁현저정상관,여총정분적적루속솔체도현저혹겁현저정상관,단여지련정분적루속솔적상관불현저.SBE화SSS매활성여총정분적적루속솔화지련정분적적루속솔정현저혹겁현저정상관,이여직련정분적루속솔적상관불현저.DBE활성여정분적루속솔적상관성불현저.정분합성관건매활성간적상관성분석표명,고정분함량적품충DBE활성여SSS、GBSS화SBE상관체도현저혹겁현저수평,타문지간가능존재착협동작용.
In order to provide reference to genetic improvement of wheat quality, the activity changes of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis and the characteristics of starch accumulation in grains were investigated, and the relationship between them were analysed in four wheat cultivars as two groups, including Ningchun 16 and Annong 9912 (lower starch content in grain) and E28 and Xinchun 24 ( higher starch content in grain). Correlation analysis indicated that there were obvious difference between lower starch content and higher starch content genotypes in starch about starch accumulating rate and kernel filling rate. The accumulation courses of amylopectin, amylose and total starch were well fitted to the logistic equation by relating amylopectin, amylose and total starch contents against days after pollination (DAP). The simulation parameters revealed that the higher contents of amylopectin and amylose resulted from earlier initiating accumulation time and greater accumulation rate. The activities of soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and starch debranching enzyme (DBE) changed in the pattern of a single peak curve during grain filling, peak value was between 12 d and 24 d;The accumulation rate of amylose was highly significantly correlated with the activities of GBSS, and the accumulation rate of amylopectin was significantly or sharp significantly correlated with the activities of SSS and SBE;and the accumulation rate of starch was not correlated with the activities of starch debranching enzyme (DBE). Correlation analysis among activities of the starch synthesis enzymes indicated that starch debranching enzyme (DBE) of higher starch content genotype was significantly or sharp significantly correlated with the activity of SSS、SBE and GBSS, which were interacted in starch biosynthesis.