CAJ | 학술논문

全基因组选择是指基于基因组育种值（GEBV）的选择方法,指通过检测覆盖全基因组的分子标记,利用基因组水平的遗传信息对个体进行遗传评估,以期获得更高的育种值估计准确度。由于可显著缩短世代间隔,全基因组选择作为一项育种新技术在奶牛育种中具有广阔的应用前景,目前已经成为各国的研究热点。不同国家的试验结果表明,奶牛育种中基于GEBV的遗传评估可靠性在20%~67%之间,如果代替常规后裔测定体系,可节省92%的育种成本。本文综述了全基因组选择的基本原理及其在各国奶牛育种中的应用现状和所面临的问题。
전기인조선택시지기우기인조육충치（GEBV）적선택방법,지통과검측복개전기인조적분자표기,이용기인조수평적유전신식대개체진행유전평고,이기획득경고적육충치고계준학도。유우가현저축단세대간격,전기인조선택작위일항육충신기술재내우육충중구유엄활적응용전경,목전이경성위각국적연구열점。불동국가적시험결과표명,내우육충중기우GEBV적유전평고가고성재20%~67%지간,여과대체상규후예측정체계,가절성92%적육충성본。본문종술료전기인조선택적기본원리급기재각국내우육충중적응용현상화소면림적문제。
Genomic selection refers to selection decisions based on genomic estimated breeding values（GEBV）.The GEBV are calculated as the sum of the effects of dense genetic markers or haplotypes of these markers across the entire genome,thereby potentially capturing all the quantitative trait loci（QTL） that contribute to variation in a trait.Genomic selection has become a focus of study in many countries as the new breeding method.Reliabilities of GEBV for young bulls without progeny test results in the reference population were between 20 and 67%.By avoiding progeny testing,bull breeding companies could save their costs up to 92%.In this paper,the progress of genomic selection,including the principle,methods,accuracy and advantages of genomic selection and the application of genomic selection in dairy cattle breeding were reviewed.