CAJ | 학술논문

2008年7月18日对0807号台风海鸥进行了无人机探测工作.该次探测为中国大陆首次利用无人机直接向台风中心方向飞行,进行台风基本气象要素的探测.无人机对台风海鸥进行了近4 h的飞行探测,飞行高度为500 m,距台风中心最近距离为108.4 km,成功获得了探测时段内的温度、气压、相对湿度、风向、风速及海拔高度等基本气象要素数据.结果表明:气压和海拔高度呈显著性相关(r=-0.98);距离台风中心越近,气压越低,风速越大,温度也呈明显下降趋势;地面至300 m的平均温度梯度为-1.02℃/100 m,300～500 m的平均温度梯度为-0.46℃/100 m,近地面的温度随高度变化较大;探测时段内,风速最大值为22.3 m/s,平均值为15.1 m/s.
2008년7월18일대0807호태풍해구진행료무인궤탐측공작.해차탐측위중국대륙수차이용무인궤직접향태풍중심방향비행,진행태풍기본기상요소적탐측.무인궤대태풍해구진행료근4 h적비행탐측,비행고도위500 m,거태풍중심최근거리위108.4 km,성공획득료탐측시단내적온도、기압、상대습도、풍향、풍속급해발고도등기본기상요소수거.결과표명:기압화해발고도정현저성상관(r=-0.98);거리태풍중심월근,기압월저,풍속월대,온도야정명현하강추세;지면지300 m적평균온도제도위-1.02℃/100 m,300～500 m적평균온도제도위-0.46℃/100 m,근지면적온도수고도변화교대;탐측시단내,풍속최대치위22.3 m/s,평균치위15.1 m/s.
China is one of the countries where meteorological disasters happen frequently, and typhoon is one of the most serious disasters. Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration have carried out typhoon observation experiment by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in 2008.For the first time, UAV is used to observe typhoon Kalmaegi on 18 July 2008, and it is a successful field campaign. The UAV sends back data and lands safely after the observation. The UAV flies directly towards the typhoon center and observes the temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction and wind speed with onboard meteorological sensors. It takes almost 4 hours to observe the meteorological elements, the cruising altitude of UAV is 500 m and the nearest distance to typhoon center is about 108. 4 km. The meteorological elements such as air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed and altitude are received successfully during the observation period. The UAV flies through precipitation area, upwind area, strong convection and such serious flight environment. Thus a quasi-real-time observation system with the capability of flight observing, data collecting, processing and distributing is established.The observation data reflects some basic characteristics of typhoon, showing that pressure and altitude have good correlation (r=-0. 98). Closer to the typhoon center, pressure is lower and wind speed is higher. Gradients of temperature is about -1. 02℃/100 m from ground to 300 m and about -0. 46 ℃/ 100 m from 300 m to 500 m. The temperature varies largely with the height in the near surface layer, which shows that the ground surface has much influence on the temperature. During the observation period, the maximum wind velocity is about 22. 3 m·s~(-1) with the average of about 15. 1 m·s~(-1). Closer to the typhoon center, higher the relative humidity is. When the UAV arrives at the destination and returns, the relative humidity is 100% and after that it decreases. It can be concluded that when the relative humidity is high, UAV flies in the precipitation area. It also shows the waterproof performance of UAV is good, which ensures it fly normally in the precipitation weather.