CAJ | 학술논문

采用焦点取样和连续记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场的圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)进行行为观察和记录.行为取样涉及30头雌性马麝(25头成体雌麝,5头亚成体雌麝)和24头雄性马麝(17头成体雄麝,7头亚成体雄麝).记录静卧、站立凝视、运动、摄食、反刍、蹭尾、粪尿标记、环境探究、尾阴探究、亲和、打斗及自我指向行为等12个行为类的发生持续时间,分析年龄和性别对圈齐马麝非交配季节行为持续时间的效应.结果表明,在非交配季节,由于雌麝的哺乳育幼及雌麝和幼麝间的社会行为,雌麝比雄麝展现较少的卧息(P<0.01)和较多的亲和行为(P<0.05);由于雌麝在非交配季节的育幼需求及伴随的警觉性增加,成体雌麝比亚成体雌麝的摄食时间极显著减少(P<0.01),警觉行为显著增多(P<0.05);相比亚成体雄麝,成体雄麝的蹭尾行为持续时间极显著地增多,打斗行为和尾阴嗅闻行为的持续时间也显著较多(P<0.05).行为比较结果表明,圈养马麝各年龄性别组的行为持续时间存在差异,成年雌麝在哺乳期摄食时间相对较少,其育幼投资策略可能是提高摄食效率和警觉行为表达强度.
채용초점취양화련속기록방법,대감숙흥륭산사장적권양마사(Moschus sifanicus)진행행위관찰화기록.행위취양섭급30두자성마사(25두성체자사,5두아성체자사)화24두웅성마사(17두성체웅사,7두아성체웅사).기록정와、참립응시、운동、섭식、반추、층미、분뇨표기、배경탐구、미음탐구、친화、타두급자아지향행위등12개행위류적발생지속시간,분석년령화성별대권제마사비교배계절행위지속시간적효응.결과표명,재비교배계절,유우자사적포유육유급자사화유사간적사회행위,자사비웅사전현교소적와식(P<0.01)화교다적친화행위(P<0.05);유우자사재비교배계절적육유수구급반수적경각성증가,성체자사비아성체자사적섭식시간겁현저감소(P<0.01),경각행위현저증다(P<0.05);상비아성체웅사,성체웅사적층미행위지속시간겁현저지증다,타두행위화미음후문행위적지속시간야현저교다(P<0.05).행위비교결과표명,권양마사각년령성별조적행위지속시간존재차이,성년자사재포유기섭식시간상대교소,기육유투자책략가능시제고섭식효솔화경각행위표체강도.
In order to explore behavioral differences of female and male captive musk deer in gender and age-class,54 adult captive musk deer,24 males and 30 females,were observed during the 2003 lactation season(August to October),at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm(XMDF)of Gansu Province.China.The durations of 12 behavioral categories were recorded and compared among subgroups determined by gender and age-classes.The results show(1)that females demonstrated less resting behavior(P<0.01) and more affinitive interaction(P<0.05)than males in non-mating season(1actation season),owing to the intensive maternalinteraction between does and fawns,(2)that syb-adult females expressed more feeding(P<0.01)and less vigilance(P<0.05)than adults during this period due to a trade-off between vigilance and feeding and,(3)adult males displayed more tail-pasting environmental sniffing(P<0.01),agonistic interactions(P<0.05)and anogenital sniffing behavior(P<0.05)more than sub-adult males.In conclusion,there were significant behavioral differences between males and females during lactation season,and it was hypothesized that the adult female alpine musk deer increase energy uptake through ireproved feeding efficiency.