农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2010年
3期
151-155
,共5页
农作物%力学特性%力学测试%小麦%茎秆%倒伏%产量
農作物%力學特性%力學測試%小麥%莖稈%倒伏%產量
농작물%역학특성%역학측시%소맥%경간%도복%산량
crops%mechanical properties%mechanical testing%wheat%stalk%lodging%yield
为探讨晋中晚熟冬麦区高产与倒伏的矛盾,研究小麦基部茎节形态结构与抗倒力学的关系,该文采用SAN-CMT6104微机控制电子万能材料测试仪,对大田不同产量水平及倒伏程度下的小麦基部第2茎节进行了弯折力、惯性矩、弹性模量、抗弯刚度和弯曲强度等生物力学指标的测定.结果表明:不同产量水平随基本苗的过量增加,拔节期最高分蘖峰值的增加,群体倒伏时间提早,面积加大.虽然成穗数差异不大,但穗粒数降低,特别是千粒质量明显降低,产量递减.表明受该地区自然条件与种植制度的制约,合理的基本苗(450万/hm~2左右),通过返青后适期适量的水肥调控,保持稳健的最高分蘖数是关系高产不倒的两个重要的群体临界指标.研究明确了倒伏与基部第2茎节形态结构、株高、节间距与力学指标弯折力、惯性矩、弹性模量、抗弯刚度、弯曲强度都呈负相关.而茎秆干质量、茎秆外径、壁厚与弯折力、惯性矩、弹性模量、抗弯刚度、弯曲强度都呈正相关.说明随着基本苗的过量增加与拔节最高茎蘖数的增加,基部茎秆力学负荷降低,就会发生倒伏.研究筛选出与茎节抗倒、群体质量、植株形态结构以及产量结构关系密切的两个力学指标,即"弯曲强度"与"弹性模量",可作为抗倒育种或株型育种以及高产群体架构设计的参考指标.
為探討晉中晚熟鼕麥區高產與倒伏的矛盾,研究小麥基部莖節形態結構與抗倒力學的關繫,該文採用SAN-CMT6104微機控製電子萬能材料測試儀,對大田不同產量水平及倒伏程度下的小麥基部第2莖節進行瞭彎摺力、慣性矩、彈性模量、抗彎剛度和彎麯彊度等生物力學指標的測定.結果錶明:不同產量水平隨基本苗的過量增加,拔節期最高分蘗峰值的增加,群體倒伏時間提早,麵積加大.雖然成穗數差異不大,但穗粒數降低,特彆是韆粒質量明顯降低,產量遞減.錶明受該地區自然條件與種植製度的製約,閤理的基本苗(450萬/hm~2左右),通過返青後適期適量的水肥調控,保持穩健的最高分蘗數是關繫高產不倒的兩箇重要的群體臨界指標.研究明確瞭倒伏與基部第2莖節形態結構、株高、節間距與力學指標彎摺力、慣性矩、彈性模量、抗彎剛度、彎麯彊度都呈負相關.而莖稈榦質量、莖稈外徑、壁厚與彎摺力、慣性矩、彈性模量、抗彎剛度、彎麯彊度都呈正相關.說明隨著基本苗的過量增加與拔節最高莖蘗數的增加,基部莖稈力學負荷降低,就會髮生倒伏.研究篩選齣與莖節抗倒、群體質量、植株形態結構以及產量結構關繫密切的兩箇力學指標,即"彎麯彊度"與"彈性模量",可作為抗倒育種或株型育種以及高產群體架構設計的參攷指標.
위탐토진중만숙동맥구고산여도복적모순,연구소맥기부경절형태결구여항도역학적관계,해문채용SAN-CMT6104미궤공제전자만능재료측시의,대대전불동산량수평급도복정도하적소맥기부제2경절진행료만절력、관성구、탄성모량、항만강도화만곡강도등생물역학지표적측정.결과표명:불동산량수평수기본묘적과량증가,발절기최고분얼봉치적증가,군체도복시간제조,면적가대.수연성수수차이불대,단수립수강저,특별시천립질량명현강저,산량체감.표명수해지구자연조건여충식제도적제약,합리적기본묘(450만/hm~2좌우),통과반청후괄기괄량적수비조공,보지은건적최고분얼수시관계고산불도적량개중요적군체림계지표.연구명학료도복여기부제2경절형태결구、주고、절간거여역학지표만절력、관성구、탄성모량、항만강도、만곡강도도정부상관.이경간간질량、경간외경、벽후여만절력、관성구、탄성모량、항만강도、만곡강도도정정상관.설명수착기본묘적과량증가여발절최고경얼수적증가,기부경간역학부하강저,취회발생도복.연구사선출여경절항도、군체질량、식주형태결구이급산량결구관계밀절적량개역학지표,즉"만곡강도"여"탄성모량",가작위항도육충혹주형육충이급고산군체가구설계적삼고지표.
Understanding the relationship between the structure of the base node and mechanics of lodging resistance would be helpful to solve the contradiction of high-yield and lodging. In order to identify the relationship between the yield and lodging, the biomechanical properties (such as kink force of inertia, cross sectional moment of inertia, young modulus bending rigidity and bending strength) of basal second internodes and morphological traits were measured with the SANS-CMT6104 multifunctional testing machine controlled by computer, in 21 wheat fields, which have different yield levels in late-maturing winter wheat area in Jinzhong, Shanxi Province. The results showed that under the different production levels, with the excessive increase of the basic seeding number and the peak number of tiller in jointing stage, the lodging rate of groups was greater, lodging time was earlier, the grain number per spike and the weight of 1 000 grain were reduced significantly in particularly, the yield was decreased. Moreover, it showed that wheat production in the area was constrained by natural conditions and plant system. The reasonable basic seeding amount and the highest number of the tiller after re-green stage determined by the appropriate irrigation and fertilizer regulation were two important critical values of wheat groups with relations to high-yield and no lodging. The relationship between lodging and the morphology of base second internodes was defined. All the biomechanical indictors were negatively related to the indexes of wheat stem such as plant height and spacing bending section, while positively to dry weight, diameter and wall thickness of stem. With the excess increase of basic seeding amount, the number of highest tiller in joint stage was increased, and mechanics load of basal stem was decreased, which led to lodging. Two biomechanical properties including bending strength and elasticity modulus, which were close to lodging resistance of internodes, quality of population, morphosis of plant and yield structure, were screened out, and were regarded as reference indexes for lodging resistance or plant type breeding and high yielding population framework designed.