中国临床康复
中國臨床康複
중국림상강복
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL REHABILITATION
2006年
42期
180-182
,共3页
夏梓红%文秋生%李光林%鲁永辉%王秀荣%关福琴
夏梓紅%文鞦生%李光林%魯永輝%王秀榮%關福琴
하재홍%문추생%리광림%로영휘%왕수영%관복금
儿童%气质%心理卫生%行为
兒童%氣質%心理衛生%行為
인동%기질%심리위생%행위
背景:随着医学模式的转变,健康概念的更新,儿童气质、心理卫生及行为问题成为儿童保健的重要课题,日益受到人们的重视. 目的:通过问卷调查了解贵阳市儿童心理、行为问题现状及气质类型分布情况.设计:随机整群抽样,横断面调查.单位:贵阳市妇幼保健研究所.对象:于贵阳市城区33个儿保责任地随机抽取12家单位为调查点,调查期间来做健康检查的1～6岁儿童,排除有严重躯体疾患及智力异常的儿童.方法:采用自制心理卫生调查表、中国1～3岁儿童气质量表、中国3～7岁儿童气质量表、2～3岁儿童行为量表、上海市精神卫生中心标准化的Achenbach's儿童行为量表分别调查儿童的心理卫生问题、行为问题及气质类型分布,所有问卷均由儿童父母填写,问卷当场收回.于初测后2～4周随机抽取部分受试者重新填写上述问卷,进行重测信度检验.主要观察指标:儿童的心理卫生问题、行为问题及气质类型分布,社会环境因素对气质、行为的影响.结果:①贵阳市儿童气质类型分布中,容易抚育型、抚育困难型、中间近容易抚育型、中间近抚育困难型、发育缓慢型气质分布分别占35.58%,4.21%,39.70%,7.37%,13.14%.②贵阳市儿童心理卫生问题总检出率为94.50%,不同气质类型儿童心理卫生问题检出率分别为98.91%,97.26%,96.19%,94.05%,93.13%(P＜0.01).③行为问题总检出率分别为19.57%,不同气质类型儿童行为问题检出率分别为31.76%,26.69%,22.58%.21.33%,12.72%(P＜0.001).居住条件、父母文化程度、婚姻关系、管教态度、亲子关系、孕期营养、患病情况、照管人等与气质类型及行为问题发生有关,气质与心理行为问题关系密切.结论:贵阳儿童心理卫生问题普遍存在,应予以重视,可通过对相关因素的改造,帮助其重塑良好个性,减少心理行为问题的发生.
揹景:隨著醫學模式的轉變,健康概唸的更新,兒童氣質、心理衛生及行為問題成為兒童保健的重要課題,日益受到人們的重視. 目的:通過問捲調查瞭解貴暘市兒童心理、行為問題現狀及氣質類型分佈情況.設計:隨機整群抽樣,橫斷麵調查.單位:貴暘市婦幼保健研究所.對象:于貴暘市城區33箇兒保責任地隨機抽取12傢單位為調查點,調查期間來做健康檢查的1～6歲兒童,排除有嚴重軀體疾患及智力異常的兒童.方法:採用自製心理衛生調查錶、中國1～3歲兒童氣質量錶、中國3～7歲兒童氣質量錶、2～3歲兒童行為量錶、上海市精神衛生中心標準化的Achenbach's兒童行為量錶分彆調查兒童的心理衛生問題、行為問題及氣質類型分佈,所有問捲均由兒童父母填寫,問捲噹場收迴.于初測後2～4週隨機抽取部分受試者重新填寫上述問捲,進行重測信度檢驗.主要觀察指標:兒童的心理衛生問題、行為問題及氣質類型分佈,社會環境因素對氣質、行為的影響.結果:①貴暘市兒童氣質類型分佈中,容易撫育型、撫育睏難型、中間近容易撫育型、中間近撫育睏難型、髮育緩慢型氣質分佈分彆佔35.58%,4.21%,39.70%,7.37%,13.14%.②貴暘市兒童心理衛生問題總檢齣率為94.50%,不同氣質類型兒童心理衛生問題檢齣率分彆為98.91%,97.26%,96.19%,94.05%,93.13%(P＜0.01).③行為問題總檢齣率分彆為19.57%,不同氣質類型兒童行為問題檢齣率分彆為31.76%,26.69%,22.58%.21.33%,12.72%(P＜0.001).居住條件、父母文化程度、婚姻關繫、管教態度、親子關繫、孕期營養、患病情況、照管人等與氣質類型及行為問題髮生有關,氣質與心理行為問題關繫密切.結論:貴暘兒童心理衛生問題普遍存在,應予以重視,可通過對相關因素的改造,幫助其重塑良好箇性,減少心理行為問題的髮生.
배경:수착의학모식적전변,건강개념적경신,인동기질、심리위생급행위문제성위인동보건적중요과제,일익수도인문적중시. 목적:통과문권조사료해귀양시인동심리、행위문제현상급기질류형분포정황.설계:수궤정군추양,횡단면조사.단위:귀양시부유보건연구소.대상:우귀양시성구33개인보책임지수궤추취12가단위위조사점,조사기간래주건강검사적1～6세인동,배제유엄중구체질환급지력이상적인동.방법:채용자제심리위생조사표、중국1～3세인동기질량표、중국3～7세인동기질량표、2～3세인동행위량표、상해시정신위생중심표준화적Achenbach's인동행위량표분별조사인동적심리위생문제、행위문제급기질류형분포,소유문권균유인동부모전사,문권당장수회.우초측후2～4주수궤추취부분수시자중신전사상술문권,진행중측신도검험.주요관찰지표:인동적심리위생문제、행위문제급기질류형분포,사회배경인소대기질、행위적영향.결과:①귀양시인동기질류형분포중,용역무육형、무육곤난형、중간근용역무육형、중간근무육곤난형、발육완만형기질분포분별점35.58%,4.21%,39.70%,7.37%,13.14%.②귀양시인동심리위생문제총검출솔위94.50%,불동기질류형인동심리위생문제검출솔분별위98.91%,97.26%,96.19%,94.05%,93.13%(P＜0.01).③행위문제총검출솔분별위19.57%,불동기질류형인동행위문제검출솔분별위31.76%,26.69%,22.58%.21.33%,12.72%(P＜0.001).거주조건、부모문화정도、혼인관계、관교태도、친자관계、잉기영양、환병정황、조관인등여기질류형급행위문제발생유관,기질여심리행위문제관계밀절.결론:귀양인동심리위생문제보편존재,응여이중시,가통과대상관인소적개조,방조기중소량호개성,감소심리행위문제적발생.
BACKGROUND: With conversion of medical patterns and revolution of healthy concept, temperament, psychological health and behavior become key topics for child care and are paid more and more attention nowadays.OBJECTIVE: To survey the status quo of psychological and behavior problems and distribution of temperamental types through questionnaire for children in Guiyang.DESIGN: Randomized cluster sampling and cross-sectional study.SETTING: Guiyang Institute for Mother and Child Health.PARTICIPANTS: Twelve settings were randomly selected from 33 duty units for child care in Guiyang. Children aged 1-6 years suffered from health check at survey stage, and those with severe body diseases and abnormal intelligence were excluded.METHODS: Problems of psychological health and behavior and distribution of temperamental types for children were surveyed with self-made psychological health scale, Chinese temperament scale for 1-3-year children,Chinese temperament scale for 3-7-year children, behavior scale for 2-3-year children and Achenbach's children behavior scale standardized by Shanghai Mental Health Center. All questionnaires were answered by parents and taken back on the spot. After 2-4 weeks, several children were randomly selected to refill in the questionnaires mentioned above to measure reliability again.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Status quo of psychological and behavior problems, distribution of temperamental types and effect of social environment on temperament and behavior.RESULTS: ① Distribution of temperamental types was divided into easy nurture, difficult nurture, nearly easy nurture, nearly difficult nurture and slow development, and the percentage was 35.58%, 4.21%, 39.70%, 7.37%and 13.14%. ② Total ratio of psychological problems was 94.50%, and ratios of children in various temperamental types were 98.91%, 97.26%,96.19%, 94.05% and 93.13% (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Total ratio of behavior problems was 19.57%, and ratios of children in various temperamental types were 31.76%, 26.69%, 22.58%, 21.33% and 12.72% (P ＜ 0.01). Temperamental types and behavior problems were related to living condition, educational level of parents, marriage, supervised attitude, paternity, pregnant nutrien, illness and infirmarian, especially temperament was closely related with psychological and behavior problems.CONCLUSION: Psychological and behavior problems wildly exist among children in Guiyang and should be paid much attention. Fine personality of children can be molded through reforming relevant factors so as to decrease the incidence of psychological and behavior problems.
