CAJ | 학술논문

为了解南京大气细粒子的污染水平和污染特征,在南京市中心鼓楼和北郊南京信息工程大学校内进行了连续1 a、每季度5 d的大气气溶胶同步采样.用称重法、离子色谱法和电感耦合等离子质谱法分别测得细颗粒物的质量浓度、水溶性离子和元素组成.结果表明,南京地区PM_(2.1)污染比较严重,水溶性离子是细粒子的重要组分,所测6种离子质量浓度总和分别占市区和北郊PM_(2.1)的46.99%、42.32%.PM2.1中的各离子最高浓度都出现在冬季.NH_4~+与SO_4~(2-)的相关性好,可能主要以(NH_4)_2SO_4形式存在.温度对SOR和NOR的影响显著,温度升高时SOR值增大而NOR显著减小.通过计算NO_3~-与SO_4~(2-)的质量比发现,南京市SO_2和NO_x主要来自于固定源(如煤的燃烧).分析细颗粒物中元素含量和富集因子结果表明,Pb、As、Zn、Hg、Cu、Cr、Ni元素的人为污染较明显,且北郊的污染重于市区.比较PM_(2.1)和PM_(3.3)中的离子成分发现,SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+在PM_(2.1)中占据绝对优势,F~-、Cl~-、NO_2~-、NO_3~-等不在细粒子中占明显优势.从元素组成来看,Pb、Zn在PM_(2.1)细粒子中含量显著,而Ca、Mg、Na等在粗粒子中富集.
위료해남경대기세입자적오염수평화오염특정,재남경시중심고루화북교남경신식공정대학교내진행료련속1 a、매계도5 d적대기기용효동보채양.용칭중법、리자색보법화전감우합등리자질보법분별측득세과립물적질량농도、수용성리자화원소조성.결과표명,남경지구PM_(2.1)오염비교엄중,수용성리자시세입자적중요조분,소측6충리자질량농도총화분별점시구화북교PM_(2.1)적46.99%、42.32%.PM2.1중적각리자최고농도도출현재동계.NH_4~+여SO_4~(2-)적상관성호,가능주요이(NH_4)_2SO_4형식존재.온도대SOR화NOR적영향현저,온도승고시SOR치증대이NOR현저감소.통과계산NO_3~-여SO_4~(2-)적질량비발현,남경시SO_2화NO_x주요래자우고정원(여매적연소).분석세과립물중원소함량화부집인자결과표명,Pb、As、Zn、Hg、Cu、Cr、Ni원소적인위오염교명현,차북교적오염중우시구.비교PM_(2.1)화PM_(3.3)중적리자성분발현,SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+재PM_(2.1)중점거절대우세,F~-、Cl~-、NO_2~-、NO_3~-등불재세입자중점명현우세.종원소조성래간,Pb、Zn재PM_(2.1)세입자중함량현저,이Ca、Mg、Na등재조입자중부집.
Two sampling positions were set up to investigate the characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere in Nanjing;one was in Nanjing University(representing the urban area),and the other in the campus of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(representing the suburb region).The aerosol sampling at the two sites was operated for 5 days in each season in 2007.The mass concentration,water-soluble ions and elemental composition of fine particles were detected by the weighing method,ion chromatography,inductively coupled plasma chromatography separately.The results show that water soluble ions were important components of PM_(2.1) whose weight percents were 46.99%(urban) and 42.32%(suburb),respectively.The concentration of all the anions in PM_(2.1)was the maximum in winter.A high correlation lay between NH_4~+ and SO_4~(2-),which meant that they might exist in the form of(NH_4)_2SO_4.The SOR(conversion ratio of SO_2) and NOR(conversion ratio of NO_2) were determined largely by temperature:SOR increased and NOR decreased markedly when the temperature was high.Due to the NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) mass ratio<1,stationary sources such as coal burning were the major sources of SO_2 and NO_x.The mass concentration and enrichment factor of elements suggest that Pb,As,Zn,Hg,Cu,Cr and Ni were anthropogenic pollutants.Their pollution was much heavier in the urban than that in the suburb area.The water soluble ions SO_4~2-,NH_4~+and the elements Pb,Zn had superiority in PM_(2.1),while F~-,Cl~-,NO_2~-,NO_3~-and Ca,Mg,Na were enriched in coarse mode particles.