CAJ | 학술논문

　　为探讨不同生物质炭类型、输入量、还田时间和还田深度等因素作用下的 CH4排放特征，采用静态箱-气相色谱法，通过向稻田土壤中施用3种类型的生物质炭（稻秆炭、麦秆炭、竹炭），开展了水稻一个生长周期的室内观测试验。结果表明，3种类型的生物质炭输入后，对比空白处理，水稻产量显著性增加（P<0.05），其中竹炭处理每盆实粒质量高达18.12 g，说明施用生物质炭可增加水稻产量；竹炭施用后稻田土壤 CH4排放通量（80 mg/m2 h）显著低于稻杆炭和麦杆炭处理（P<0.05），而稻杆炭和麦杆炭处理无显著性差异（P>0.05），但都显著高于空白处理（P<0.05），说明施用生物质炭可有效减少CH4排放。CH4排放通量与生物质炭用量负相关，CH4的排放通量随着生物质炭用量的逐渐增加而降低。同时，水稻移植前施用竹炭CH4排放通量（56.6 mg/m2 h）低于空白（96 mg/m2 h）及水稻成活前后（73.4和76.6 mg/m2 h），但无显著性差异（P>0.05），这与土壤氧化还原电位（Eh）变化相一致，说明生物质炭施用时间对稻田土壤CH4排放通量影响不大。此外，不同竹炭还田深度下的土壤CH4排放通量顺序为：中部输入（15 cm处输入）<表层输入（5 cm处输入）<深部输入（25 cm处输入）<空白（不输入生物质炭），说明生物质炭中部输入更适用微生物生长和 CH4气体减排。该研究可为太湖地区苕溪流域稻田增汇和温室气体减排提供参考。
　　위탐토불동생물질탄류형、수입량、환전시간화환전심도등인소작용하적 CH4배방특정，채용정태상-기상색보법，통과향도전토양중시용3충류형적생물질탄（도간탄、맥간탄、죽탄），개전료수도일개생장주기적실내관측시험。결과표명，3충류형적생물질탄수입후，대비공백처리，수도산량현저성증가（P<0.05），기중죽탄처리매분실립질량고체18.12 g，설명시용생물질탄가증가수도산량；죽탄시용후도전토양 CH4배방통량（80 mg/m2 h）현저저우도간탄화맥간탄처리（P<0.05），이도간탄화맥간탄처리무현저성차이（P>0.05），단도현저고우공백처리（P<0.05），설명시용생물질탄가유효감소CH4배방。CH4배방통량여생물질탄용량부상관，CH4적배방통량수착생물질탄용량적축점증가이강저。동시，수도이식전시용죽탄CH4배방통량（56.6 mg/m2 h）저우공백（96 mg/m2 h）급수도성활전후（73.4화76.6 mg/m2 h），단무현저성차이（P>0.05），저여토양양화환원전위（Eh）변화상일치，설명생물질탄시용시간대도전토양CH4배방통량영향불대。차외，불동죽탄환전심도하적토양CH4배방통량순서위：중부수입（15 cm처수입）<표층수입（5 cm처수입）<심부수입（25 cm처수입）<공백（불수입생물질탄），설명생물질탄중부수입경괄용미생물생장화 CH4기체감배。해연구가위태호지구초계류역도전증회화온실기체감배제공삼고。
Biochar returning may be an important way to deal with climate change for mankind. To investigate the effects of different biochar types, returning amount, returning time and returning depth on CH4 emission, a greenhouse experiment of CH4 emissions with three different biochar, namely rice carbon (RC), wheat carbon (WC), bamboo carbon (BC) applied on the paddy field and no biochar application as a control (CK), was conducted by using the static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method during the rice growing season (2011-2012). The results showed that the yield was significantly increased (P<0.05) after different biochar returning compared with the control treatment(CK), and the highest filled grain weight of BC treatment reached 18.12 g per pot, which showed biochar returning can effectively increase rice yield. The CH4 emission flux of BC treatment was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of WC and RC treatments, and for the later two treatments, there were no significant differences (P>0.05), but they were significant higher (P<0.05) than that of CK, which showed biochar returning can decrease CH4 emission efficiently. A linear negative correlation was found between CH4 emission flux and biochar application amount, and CH4 emission flux declined gradually with the increase of the cycle of biochar returning amount. Meanwhile, the CH4 emission flux of bamboo carbon (BC) returning before rice transplantation (BRT, 56.6 mg·m-2·h-1) was not significant lower (P>0.05) than those of CK (96 mg·m-2·h-1) and before rice survival (BRS,73.4 mg·m-2·h-1) or after rice survival(ARS, 76.6 mg·m-2·h-1), which was consistent to the change of soil redox potential (Eh) and showed biochar returning time has little effect on CH4 emission flux. In addition, the sequence of CH4 emission flux in different biochar returning depth was on the order of middle returning(MR)<surface returning(SR)<deep returning(DR)<CK, which showed biochar middle returning(MR) was more beneficial to the growth of soil microorganism and mitigation of CH4 emissions. This study provides references for the enhancement of carbon sequestration and mitigation of CH4 emissions in the Tiaoxi Watershed of Tai Lake region.