干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2013年
4期
38-42
,共5页
蒋桂英%刘建国%魏建军%刁明
蔣桂英%劉建國%魏建軍%刁明
장계영%류건국%위건군%조명
滴灌%小麦%灌溉频率%产量%水分利用效率
滴灌%小麥%灌溉頻率%產量%水分利用效率
적관%소맥%관개빈솔%산량%수분이용효솔
drip irrigation%wheat%irrigation frequency%yield%water use efficiency
通过田间试验,研究了不同灌水频率对滴灌小麦农田土壤水分分布及小麦水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:从整个生育期来看,在灌水量375 mm条件下,高频灌溉(每4天1次)处理0~40 cm土层含水率和土壤贮水量较高,而深层(40~100 cm)土壤较低;低频灌溉(每10天1次)处理有利于水分的下渗和侧渗,深层土壤含水率和土壤贮水量较高,但水分补给不及时,表层土壤含水率和贮水量偏低;总体上中频灌溉(每7天1次)处理有利于水分在土壤剖面中的均匀分配,有利于作物生长。中频灌溉产量和水分利用效率都最高,分别比高频灌溉和低频灌溉产量增加7.6%和13.5%,水分利用效率增加2.6%和9.9%。在当地自然气候条件下,滴灌小麦采用375 mm灌溉量和每7 d 1次的灌溉频率是较适宜的灌溉模式。
通過田間試驗,研究瞭不同灌水頻率對滴灌小麥農田土壤水分分佈及小麥水分利用效率的影響。結果錶明:從整箇生育期來看,在灌水量375 mm條件下,高頻灌溉(每4天1次)處理0~40 cm土層含水率和土壤貯水量較高,而深層(40~100 cm)土壤較低;低頻灌溉(每10天1次)處理有利于水分的下滲和側滲,深層土壤含水率和土壤貯水量較高,但水分補給不及時,錶層土壤含水率和貯水量偏低;總體上中頻灌溉(每7天1次)處理有利于水分在土壤剖麵中的均勻分配,有利于作物生長。中頻灌溉產量和水分利用效率都最高,分彆比高頻灌溉和低頻灌溉產量增加7.6%和13.5%,水分利用效率增加2.6%和9.9%。在噹地自然氣候條件下,滴灌小麥採用375 mm灌溉量和每7 d 1次的灌溉頻率是較適宜的灌溉模式。
통과전간시험,연구료불동관수빈솔대적관소맥농전토양수분분포급소맥수분이용효솔적영향。결과표명:종정개생육기래간,재관수량375 mm조건하,고빈관개(매4천1차)처리0~40 cm토층함수솔화토양저수량교고,이심층(40~100 cm)토양교저;저빈관개(매10천1차)처리유리우수분적하삼화측삼,심층토양함수솔화토양저수량교고,단수분보급불급시,표층토양함수솔화저수량편저;총체상중빈관개(매7천1차)처리유리우수분재토양부면중적균균분배,유리우작물생장。중빈관개산량화수분이용효솔도최고,분별비고빈관개화저빈관개산량증가7.6%화13.5%,수분이용효솔증가2.6%화9.9%。재당지자연기후조건하,적관소맥채용375 mm관개량화매7 d 1차적관개빈솔시교괄의적관개모식。
The field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different irrigation frequency (once every 4 ,7 and 10 days) on soil water distribution and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat under drip irrigation in North Xin-jiang .The results showed that ,when the irrigation amount was 375 mm ,high irrigation frequency (once every 4 days) induced a relatively high water content and water storage in surface soil (0~40 cm) during the whole growth season of wheat ,but caused an inadequate moisture in deep soil (40~100 cm) ,Low irrigation frequency (once every 10 days) was beneficial to the infiltration and lateral seepage of water ,and induced a relatively high water content and water stor-age in deep soil ,however ,the water content and water storage in surface soil was low due to delay of water replenish-ment .Overall ,mid irrigation frequency (once every 7 days) was beneficial to the uniform distribution of irrigation water in soil profile and was good for crop growing .Under mid irrigation frequency ,the yield of wheat was increased by 7 .6%and 13 .5% respectively ,and the WUE was increased by 2 .6% and 9 .9% respectively ,compared to those under high and low irrigation frequency .It was suggested that irrigation with an amount of 375 mm and a frequency of once every 7 days be an appropriate drip irrigation mode for wheat under local climate condition .