干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2013年
4期
26-30
,共5页
史文娟%邢旭光%张振华%王粉萍
史文娟%邢旭光%張振華%王粉萍
사문연%형욱광%장진화%왕분평
覆膜开孔率%潜水蒸发%土壤水盐运移
覆膜開孔率%潛水蒸髮%土壤水鹽運移
복막개공솔%잠수증발%토양수염운이
opening ratio of film%groundwater evaporation%soil water-salt transport
为研究地下水浅埋区不同覆膜开孔率盐碱土的潜水蒸发和水盐运动情况，在室内进行了土柱蒸发模拟试验（地下水埋深50 cm）。结果表明，与不覆膜相比，覆膜可显著降低潜水蒸发强度、减少潜水累积蒸发量，同时也有效减少了盐分在土表的积累量。蒸发结束时，开孔率分别为3．24％、9．97％和20．27％的潜水累积蒸发量与裸土相比分别减少了79．87％、74．19％和77．93％，土层深度5 cm范围内土壤电导率分别降低了36．93％、34．41％和35．16％，即覆膜开孔率的差异对盐分累积的影响小于对潜水蒸发的影响。三种处理中，9．97％开孔率的土表积盐量和潜水蒸发量均相对较大。随着蒸发历时的增加，不同处理土壤含水量剖面的变化相对较小，但潜水蒸发强度却有所降低，这与蒸发过程中盐壳形成后反过来又抑制了潜水蒸发有关。其次，覆膜阻滞不同盐离子表聚的效果不同，其中Cl-表聚作用受开孔率影响较大，而Na＋和SO42-表聚作用受开孔率影响不大。
為研究地下水淺埋區不同覆膜開孔率鹽堿土的潛水蒸髮和水鹽運動情況，在室內進行瞭土柱蒸髮模擬試驗（地下水埋深50 cm）。結果錶明，與不覆膜相比，覆膜可顯著降低潛水蒸髮彊度、減少潛水纍積蒸髮量，同時也有效減少瞭鹽分在土錶的積纍量。蒸髮結束時，開孔率分彆為3．24％、9．97％和20．27％的潛水纍積蒸髮量與裸土相比分彆減少瞭79．87％、74．19％和77．93％，土層深度5 cm範圍內土壤電導率分彆降低瞭36．93％、34．41％和35．16％，即覆膜開孔率的差異對鹽分纍積的影響小于對潛水蒸髮的影響。三種處理中，9．97％開孔率的土錶積鹽量和潛水蒸髮量均相對較大。隨著蒸髮歷時的增加，不同處理土壤含水量剖麵的變化相對較小，但潛水蒸髮彊度卻有所降低，這與蒸髮過程中鹽殼形成後反過來又抑製瞭潛水蒸髮有關。其次，覆膜阻滯不同鹽離子錶聚的效果不同，其中Cl-錶聚作用受開孔率影響較大，而Na＋和SO42-錶聚作用受開孔率影響不大。
위연구지하수천매구불동복막개공솔염감토적잠수증발화수염운동정황，재실내진행료토주증발모의시험（지하수매심50 cm）。결과표명，여불복막상비，복막가현저강저잠수증발강도、감소잠수루적증발량，동시야유효감소료염분재토표적적루량。증발결속시，개공솔분별위3．24％、9．97％화20．27％적잠수루적증발량여라토상비분별감소료79．87％、74．19％화77．93％，토층심도5 cm범위내토양전도솔분별강저료36．93％、34．41％화35．16％，즉복막개공솔적차이대염분루적적영향소우대잠수증발적영향。삼충처리중，9．97％개공솔적토표적염량화잠수증발량균상대교대。수착증발력시적증가，불동처리토양함수량부면적변화상대교소，단잠수증발강도각유소강저，저여증발과정중염각형성후반과래우억제료잠수증발유관。기차，복막조체불동염리자표취적효과불동，기중Cl-표취작용수개공솔영향교대，이Na＋화SO42-표취작용수개공솔영향불대。
The indoor simulating experiment of evaporation was carried out in soil columns to observe the behaviors of groundwater evaporation and water-salt movement in saline soil in shallow water-table zone under different opening ra-tios of film .The results showed that film mulching could significantly inhibit the groundwater evaporation and reduce the salt accumulation on the soil surface compared with no plastic mulching .Under the condition of 3 .24% ,9 .97% and 20 .27% opening ratios ,the accumulated groundwater evaporation was reduced by 79 .87% ,74 .17% and 77 .93% re-spectively ,and the conductivity of soil solution was reduced by 33 .18% ,22 .70% ,and 25 .57% respectively ,in con-trast with the control at the end of the ten days .Therefore ,the influence of mulching to groundwater evaporation was more obvious than to salt accumulation .Among these three opening ratios ,the treatment of 9 .97% caused relatively high salt accumulation on the soil surface and large groundwater evaporation .The moisture content in soil profile kept relative-ly stable ,but the groundwater evaporation intensity decreased with the increase of time for different opening ratios ,which could be attributed to that the salt crusts in soil surface were developed in the initial evaporation phase and they in return inhibited the water evaporation .The effect of opening ratios on salt movement was different for various ions ,in which , the accumulation of Cl - was influenced more remarkably by opening ratios than that of Na+ and SO42- .
