CAJ | 학술논문

　　基于DSSAT作物模型模拟了不同降水年型水分胁迫条件下的冬小麦生产潜力，对比分析不同生育期灌水对产量、WUE以及土壤蒸发量等的影响，从而确定关键灌水期；并在综合考虑产量、WUE、总灌水量、灌水次数等因素的基础上确定了不同降水年型下的最优灌溉制度。结果表明：（1）冬小麦越冬水、返青水、拔节水、灌浆水四水中以返青水最为关键，其次为拔节水，最后为越冬水和灌浆水；当不灌返青水时，冬小麦产量和蒸腾量显著降低，土壤蒸发量显著升高；（2）不同降水年型之间也存在显著差异，产量、WUE、作物蒸腾量等表现为丰水年略大于平水年，二者显著大于枯水年；而灌水边际效益表现为平水年＞枯水年＞丰水年；（3）枯水年、平水年、丰水年的冬小麦最优灌溉制度分别为枯水年返青期和拔节期各灌水75 mm和50 mm ，平水年返青期灌水75 mm ，丰水年返青期和拔节期各灌水25 mm。
　　기우DSSAT작물모형모의료불동강수년형수분협박조건하적동소맥생산잠력，대비분석불동생육기관수대산량、WUE이급토양증발량등적영향，종이학정관건관수기；병재종합고필산량、WUE、총관수량、관수차수등인소적기출상학정료불동강수년형하적최우관개제도。결과표명：（1）동소맥월동수、반청수、발절수、관장수사수중이반청수최위관건，기차위발절수，최후위월동수화관장수；당불관반청수시，동소맥산량화증등량현저강저，토양증발량현저승고；（2）불동강수년형지간야존재현저차이，산량、WUE、작물증등량등표현위봉수년략대우평수년，이자현저대우고수년；이관수변제효익표현위평수년＞고수년＞봉수년；（3）고수년、평수년、봉수년적동소맥최우관개제도분별위고수년반청기화발절기각관수75 mm화50 mm ，평수년반청기관수75 mm ，봉수년반청기화발절기각관수25 mm。
In the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China ,the land ,light and heat resources are relatively rich but water resource is much short .Water is the main limiting factor in exploring the productive potential of light and tem-perature in these areas .In order to realize highly efficient agricultural production and sustainable development ,it is es-sential to raise the use efficiency of water resource according to the water requirement and water-stress response of crops in different growing stages .By using DSSAT model ,the productive potential of winter wheat in different hydrological years in Yangling ,Shaanxi Province was simulated ,the effects of irrigation in different stages on yield ,WUE and soil e-vaporation were analyzed ,and the key irrigation periods were determined .Furthermore ,the optimal irrigation schedule of winter wheat in different hydrological years was made by considering yield ,WUE ,total irrigation amount and irrigation times comprehensively .The results showed :(1) Among the four times of irrigation during the growing period of winter wheat ,revival water was most critical ,next was jointing water ,and winter water and grain filling water were the last . When there was no revival water ,the yield and transpiration of winter wheat were decreased significantly ,and the soil e-vaporation was increased significantly .(2) There were also remarkable differences among different hydrological years . The yield ,WUE and crop transpiration in wet years were slightly higher than those in normal years ,and both of them were significantly higher than those in dry years .As for the marginal benefit of irrigation ,different hydrological years were ranked as :normal years>dry years>wet years .(3) The optimal irrigation schedule of winter wheat in different hy-drological years was :75 mm of revival water and 50 mm of jointing water in dry years ,75 mm of revival water in normal years ,and 25 mm of revival water and 25 mm of jointing water in wet years .