CAJ | 학술논문

　　为了解入侵植物水浮莲在水生环境中的入侵和扩散规律，本文通过田间水稻田实验，按照添加系列设计方法研究不同密度下水浮莲幼苗的形态和生长反应，以及对土壤养分的影响。结果表明，不同种植密度下水浮莲在母株株高、母株叶片数、分蘖能力、开花株数和死亡株数生长动态具有明显的差异。水浮莲形态特征，随种植密度降低分蘖等级和数量显著增加，密度60株时最大为29.45株·基株-1，360株时最小为1.10株·基株-1；母株株高总体上呈现出逐渐降低的趋势，而根长的变化规律不明显；中等种植密度的母株叶片数明显大于低等和高等密度的；植株开花与死亡株数多数显著增加；水浮莲出现有性和无性繁殖，但无性繁殖占绝对优势。水浮莲生物量，随种植密度降低总生物量显著增加，60株时最大为31.18 g·基株-1，360株时最小为5.64 g·基株-1；母株生物量总、花、叶和根生物量总体上逐渐降低，而分蘖植株总、叶、花和根生物量显著增加。水浮莲生长需要消耗大量的土壤养分，其中对有机质和速效钾消耗是最大的，分别达到8.55~21.56 g·kg-1和649.43~679.45 mg·kg-1；随种植密度降低水浮莲对土壤有机质、氮、磷和钾的吸收绝大多数显著增加。不同种植密度下水浮莲在形态、生长、繁殖以及对土壤养分影响的差异，可能是由其最初种植密度形成不同的种内竞争强度造成的。
　　위료해입침식물수부련재수생배경중적입침화확산규률，본문통과전간수도전실험，안조첨가계렬설계방법연구불동밀도하수부련유묘적형태화생장반응，이급대토양양분적영향。결과표명，불동충식밀도하수부련재모주주고、모주협편수、분얼능력、개화주수화사망주수생장동태구유명현적차이。수부련형태특정，수충식밀도강저분얼등급화수량현저증가，밀도60주시최대위29.45주·기주-1，360주시최소위1.10주·기주-1；모주주고총체상정현출축점강저적추세，이근장적변화규률불명현；중등충식밀도적모주협편수명현대우저등화고등밀도적；식주개화여사망주수다수현저증가；수부련출현유성화무성번식，단무성번식점절대우세。수부련생물량，수충식밀도강저총생물량현저증가，60주시최대위31.18 g·기주-1，360주시최소위5.64 g·기주-1；모주생물량총、화、협화근생물량총체상축점강저，이분얼식주총、협、화화근생물량현저증가。수부련생장수요소모대량적토양양분，기중대유궤질화속효갑소모시최대적，분별체도8.55~21.56 g·kg-1화649.43~679.45 mg·kg-1；수충식밀도강저수부련대토양유궤질、담、린화갑적흡수절대다수현저증가。불동충식밀도하수부련재형태、생장、번식이급대토양양분영향적차이，가능시유기최초충식밀도형성불동적충내경쟁강도조성적。
To explore the invasion and spreading pattern of the invasive plant Pistia stratiote in aquatic environment, a paddy field experiment was conducted to measure the morphological and growth responses of P. stratiotes and its impacts on soil nutrients under different growing densities, utilizing an additive series method. The results showed that mother ramet plant height, mother ramet leaf number, tiller number, flowering plant number, and plant death number of P. stratiotes were obviously various under different growing densities. In the aspect of morphological characteristics, with growing density declined the tiller levels and number of P. stratiotes were significantly increased, and 60 plant·m-2 and 360 plant·m-2 had the maximum and minimum tiller number as 29.45 plant·genet-1 and 1.10 plant·genet-1, respectively; mother ramet plant height of P. stratiotes was generally decreased, but its root length change was not obvious;mother ramet plant leaf number of P. stratiotes at medium growing density was larger than the lower and higher density; mostly, flowering plant number and plant death number of P. stratiotes was significantly increased; and P. stratiotes appeared both sexual and asexual reproduction, but the asexual reproduction was predominant. In the side of biomass, with growing density declined the total biomass of P. stratiotes was significantly increased, and 60 plant·m-2 and 360 plant·m-2 had the maximum and minimum biomass as 31.18 g·genet-1 and 5.64 g·genet-1, respectively;total, leaf, flower, and root biomass of mother ramet were generally declined, but total, leaf, flower, and root biomass of tiller plant were significantly increased. During the growth of P. stratiotes, a great deal of soil nutrients were consumed, of which consumption of soil organic matter (8.55~21.56 g·kg-1) and available potassium (649.43~679.45 mg·kg-1) was the largest; with growing density declined soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorbed by P. stratiotes were mostly increased. The difference of morphology, growth, reproduction, and soil nutrient consumption of P. stratiote under different growing densities was possibly resulted from stronger intraspecific competition caused by higher initial growing density.