CAJ | 학술논문

　　为研究北京市区大气降尘金属来源及其与表层土壤的关系，在北京市区五环内的典型地段采集落尘与土壤样品。研究中使用电感耦合等离子体原子光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定了9种金属元素Cd、Cu、Zn、Fe、Pb、V、Ti、Mn、Al的质量分数。结果显示，降尘和土壤中Al、Fe两种元素所占比例最大，质量分数分别为16144.8、12881.9μg· g-1和21400.9、815712.2μg· g-1。其次降尘中Zn、Ti和土壤中Ti、Mn居第二位。随后基于灰度关联法对大气降尘与表层土壤的金属元素关系分析可知，大气降尘与表层土壤是高度关联的，关联值均介于0.92~0.95之间，二者间关联较为紧密。其中在空气降尘对表层土壤的影响研究中分析得出，空气降尘对表层土壤的影响与采样点的空间位置变化相关性不强，与风向、风速等自然环境因素的关联度较大。在表层土壤对空气降尘的影响研究中分析得出，表层土壤对空气降尘的影响度随采样点环境变化较大，尤其是北京南站。最后，通过对降尘金属元素进行因子分析得出，第一因子Z1同时与Pb、V、Ti、Mn、Al、Fe、Cu、Cd等元素有较大关系；第二个因子Z2与Cd、Cu等元素有较大的相关性；第三个因子Z3与Zn、Fe等元素有较大相关性，与其它7种元素的相关性不明显。前三因子 Z1、Z2、Z3方差累积贡献率可达97.2%，由此可知，降尘来源主要与风引起的地面扬尘，与塑料制品的焚烧，冶金、化工等工业影响及轮胎磨损有关。
　　위연구북경시구대기강진금속래원급기여표층토양적관계，재북경시구오배내적전형지단채집락진여토양양품。연구중사용전감우합등리자체원자광보의(ICP-AES)측정료9충금속원소Cd、Cu、Zn、Fe、Pb、V、Ti、Mn、Al적질량분수。결과현시，강진화토양중Al、Fe량충원소소점비례최대，질량분수분별위16144.8、12881.9μg· g-1화21400.9、815712.2μg· g-1。기차강진중Zn、Ti화토양중Ti、Mn거제이위。수후기우회도관련법대대기강진여표층토양적금속원소관계분석가지，대기강진여표층토양시고도관련적，관련치균개우0.92~0.95지간，이자간관련교위긴밀。기중재공기강진대표층토양적영향연구중분석득출，공기강진대표층토양적영향여채양점적공간위치변화상관성불강，여풍향、풍속등자연배경인소적관련도교대。재표층토양대공기강진적영향연구중분석득출，표층토양대공기강진적영향도수채양점배경변화교대，우기시북경남참。최후，통과대강진금속원소진행인자분석득출，제일인자Z1동시여Pb、V、Ti、Mn、Al、Fe、Cu、Cd등원소유교대관계；제이개인자Z2여Cd、Cu등원소유교대적상관성；제삼개인자Z3여Zn、Fe등원소유교대상관성，여기타7충원소적상관성불명현。전삼인자 Z1、Z2、Z3방차루적공헌솔가체97.2%，유차가지，강진래원주요여풍인기적지면양진，여소료제품적분소，야금、화공등공업영향급륜태마손유관。
This paper discussed heavy metal sources of ambient dust fall and its relationship with surface soil in Beijing. Urban dust and soil samples were collected from typical areas within five rings of Beijing. The concentrations of heavy metal elements (Cd、Cu、Zn、Fe、Pb、V、Ti、Mn、Al) were determined using ICP-AES. The results presented that in the dust fall and soil, Al and Fe had the largest proportions, their quality were 16 144.8 and 12 881.9 μg· g-1 in the dust fall, 21 400.9 and 815 712.2 μg· g-1 in the soil, respectively. The concentrations of Zn and Ti in the dust fall and Ti and Mn in the soil had the second largest proportions. Then, based on Grayscale relative method analysis, relationship of heavy metal elements between the dust fall and surface soil was determined. The analysis results showed that their relationship was significant and their correlated value was range from 0.92 to 0.95. In the analysis of dust fall impact on surface soil, the results indicated that dust fall influence on the surface soil was associated with natural environmental factors, including wind direction and speed. But it was not strongly associated with changing of spatial sampling locations. In the study of the soil influence on dust fall, degree of association changed largely as sampling environment changing, especially in the Beijing South Station. Finally, based on factor analysis, the first factor Z1 had a significant relationship with Pb, V, Ti, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu and Cd. The second factor Z2 correlated with Cd and Cu and the third factor Z3 correlated with Zn and Fe were obviously. The Z1, Z2 and Z3 had an accumulative contribution rate 97.2%. Thus, sources of dust fall was mainly interrelated with raise dust, domestic wastes, combustion of plastic, metallurgy, chemical industries and tire wearing, etc.