CAJ | 학술논문

　　汞是最具危害性的全球性重金属污染物，而节能灯生产引起的汞污染问题则日益突出。选取浙西地区某典型节能灯加工集聚区为研究对象，等间距设置7个采样点及1个对照点，每3个月采样一次，采用多台高时间分辨率自动测汞仪(Tekran2537A)对集聚区周边环境中大气气态总汞(TGM)开展了为期2 a的实时同步观测，通过分析节能灯加工集聚区TGM质量浓度特征及其时空变化特征，旨在明确规模化节能灯加工产业对当地大气环境的影响，明晰其大气汞污染现状，以期为后续深入研究和环境修复提供理论支持。结果表明：浙西地区典型节能灯加工集聚区TGM质量浓度[(3.22±0.78) ng·m-3]显著高于全球TGM质量浓度背景值(1.5~2.0 ng·m-3)和研究区设置对照点TGM质量浓度水平[(1.20±0.35) ng·m-3]，显示集聚区大气已受到一定程度的汞污染。同时，研究区内各采样点TGM质量浓度波动幅度较大(0.93~6.74 ng·m-3)，说明节能灯加工带来的人为排汞对采样点环境影响显著。此外，节能灯加工集聚区TGM质量浓度具有明显的季节性和空间异质性。在季节上表现为：冬季>秋季>夏季>春季，受研究区温度和土壤环境条件影响较大，且TGM质量浓度波动情况与当地春耕秋种时节较为频繁的人为活动情况相一致。在水平分布上表现为：随节能灯加工集聚区中心距离的增加而逐渐减小，各采样点组间TGM质量浓度标准差变化幅度大，组内变化不大，说明汞的大气传输和扩散可能与空气的稀释作用、汞的干湿沉降及地形、风向、风速等因素有关，同时，小范围内空气交换速度不大，TGM质量浓度保持相对稳定。因此，浙西地区节能灯加工产业已对当地大气环境产生了一定的影响，必须采取有效措施控制节能灯加工带来的大气汞污染问题。
　　홍시최구위해성적전구성중금속오염물，이절능등생산인기적홍오염문제칙일익돌출。선취절서지구모전형절능등가공집취구위연구대상，등간거설치7개채양점급1개대조점，매3개월채양일차，채용다태고시간분변솔자동측홍의(Tekran2537A)대집취구주변배경중대기기태총홍(TGM)개전료위기2 a적실시동보관측，통과분석절능등가공집취구TGM질량농도특정급기시공변화특정，지재명학규모화절능등가공산업대당지대기배경적영향，명석기대기홍오염현상，이기위후속심입연구화배경수복제공이론지지。결과표명：절서지구전형절능등가공집취구TGM질량농도[(3.22±0.78) ng·m-3]현저고우전구TGM질량농도배경치(1.5~2.0 ng·m-3)화연구구설치대조점TGM질량농도수평[(1.20±0.35) ng·m-3]，현시집취구대기이수도일정정도적홍오염。동시，연구구내각채양점TGM질량농도파동폭도교대(0.93~6.74 ng·m-3)，설명절능등가공대래적인위배홍대채양점배경영향현저。차외，절능등가공집취구TGM질량농도구유명현적계절성화공간이질성。재계절상표현위：동계>추계>하계>춘계，수연구구온도화토양배경조건영향교대，차TGM질량농도파동정황여당지춘경추충시절교위빈번적인위활동정황상일치。재수평분포상표현위：수절능등가공집취구중심거리적증가이축점감소，각채양점조간TGM질량농도표준차변화폭도대，조내변화불대，설명홍적대기전수화확산가능여공기적희석작용、홍적간습침강급지형、풍향、풍속등인소유관，동시，소범위내공기교환속도불대，TGM질량농도보지상대은정。인차，절서지구절능등가공산업이대당지대기배경산생료일정적영향，필수채취유효조시공제절능등가공대래적대기홍오염문제。
Mercury (Hg) is the most dangerous heavy metal pollutant globally. The current research focused on mercury pollution problems from energy-saving lamp processing industry. A typical energy-saving lamps industrial cluster of western Zhejiang Province was selected as the study object, and total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations of seven sampling points at an equal interval distance and one control point were monitored synchronously every three months by using multiple high time resolution automatic mercury analyzer (Tekran2537A) for two years. The characteristics of TGM mass concentration, and its temporal and spatial distribution were analyzed to better understand the environmental influence caused by the large scale energy-saving lamps industry, and to provide information for further research and environmental remediation. The results showed that the average mass concentration of TGM [(3.22±0.78) ng·m-3] in the industrial area was much higher than that of global TGM background value (1.5-2.0 ng·m-3) and the control point [(1.20±0.35) ng·m-3], indicating the atmospheric Hg pollution in the industrial area. Meanwhile, the mass concentration of Hg had a larger fluctuation in mercury concentrations at different sampling points. Besides, TGM mass concentrations showed a seasonal variation in the following sequence:winter>summer>autumn>spring, and a spatial variation that the TGM mass concentrations declined with the increase of the distance from the industrial area. TGM mass concentrations fluctuated in accordance with the frequent farming activities in spring and autumn seasons, as well as the air temperature and soil properties. The atmospheric Hg transfer and diffusion were influenced by the air dilution, dry and wet deposition of Hg, terrain, wind direction and velocity, etc. It is concluded that energy-saving lamps industry has caused air pollution, and effective measures must be adopted to control the atmospheric Hg pollution in the industrial area.