CAJ | 학술논문

　　基于野外样方数据，按照林龄与垂直分布层次，分别采用Margalef丰富度指数（Dm）、Pielou均匀度指数（J）与生态优势度指数（C）计算式，对闽西北地区主要优势种为米槠（Castanopsis carlesii）、栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)、甜槠（Cadtanopsis eyrei）、青冈（Quercus glauca）等壳斗科植物为主的天然常绿阔叶混交林群落的物种多样性进行了调查与对比分析。结果表明：（1）不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林乔木层的物种多样性存在显著差异（P<0.05），以中龄林最为丰富，近熟林与成熟林次之，幼龄林最低，各龄组间的物种分布的均匀度与优势度差异不明显（P﹥0.05），近熟林J值最大，幼龄林C值最大；（2）不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林灌木层间的Dm、J、C值差异显著（P<0.05），以中龄林与成熟林内物种较为丰富，近熟林次之，幼龄林最低，物种分布以幼龄林内最为不均；（3）不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林草本层间的Dm、J、C差异显著（P<0.05），物种多样性以成熟林内最为丰富，幼龄林次之，近熟林内最低，成熟林与幼龄林内草本层物种分布较均匀，中龄林与近熟林内则分布较集中，其物种优势度较高；（4）不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林乔、灌、草层间的物种多样性不同。在幼龄林中，Dm值大小顺序为：乔木层>草本层>灌木层，J值为草本层>乔木层>灌木层。中龄林、近熟林、成熟林的Dm值大小顺序均为：乔木层>灌木层>草本层，J值为灌木层>乔木层>草本层。研究结果可为了解闽西北地区不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林群落结构的物种组成与动态变化特征，探讨常绿阔叶混交林近自然经营及其残次林改造技术，制定其生物多样性的生态保护决策等提供理论依据。
　　기우야외양방수거，안조림령여수직분포층차，분별채용Margalef봉부도지수（Dm）、Pielou균균도지수（J）여생태우세도지수（C）계산식，대민서북지구주요우세충위미저（Castanopsis carlesii）、고수(Castanopsis fargesii)、첨저（Cadtanopsis eyrei）、청강（Quercus glauca）등각두과식물위주적천연상록활협혼교림군락적물충다양성진행료조사여대비분석。결과표명：（1）불동령조상록활협혼교림교목층적물충다양성존재현저차이（P<0.05），이중령림최위봉부，근숙림여성숙림차지，유령림최저，각령조간적물충분포적균균도여우세도차이불명현（P﹥0.05），근숙림J치최대，유령림C치최대；（2）불동령조상록활협혼교림관목층간적Dm、J、C치차이현저（P<0.05），이중령림여성숙림내물충교위봉부，근숙림차지，유령림최저，물충분포이유령림내최위불균；（3）불동령조상록활협혼교림초본층간적Dm、J、C차이현저（P<0.05），물충다양성이성숙림내최위봉부，유령림차지，근숙림내최저，성숙림여유령림내초본층물충분포교균균，중령림여근숙림내칙분포교집중，기물충우세도교고；（4）불동령조상록활협혼교림교、관、초층간적물충다양성불동。재유령림중，Dm치대소순서위：교목층>초본층>관목층，J치위초본층>교목층>관목층。중령림、근숙림、성숙림적Dm치대소순서균위：교목층>관목층>초본층，J치위관목층>교목층>초본층。연구결과가위료해민서북지구불동령조상록활협혼교림군락결구적물충조성여동태변화특정，탐토상록활협혼교림근자연경영급기잔차림개조기술，제정기생물다양성적생태보호결책등제공이론의거。
Based on forest age and vertical distribution levels by using typical quadrat sampling method, the species richness index (Dm),evenness (J) and ecological dominance (C) of ten nature ever-green broad-leaved mixed forest communities in the north-west of Fujian province were calculated and analyzed. The dominant species were Castanopsis carlesii、Castanopsis fargesii、Cadtanopsis eyrei、Quercus glauca. The comparative study showed that, (1) The species diversity in different age groups of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forests were significantly different between tree layers (P<0.05), the half-mature forest was most abundant, the near mature forest and the mature forest were the second smallest and the lowest was the young forest. The evenness and dominance of the distribution of species between the various age groups were not significantly different(P﹥0.05). The near mature forest’s J value was maximum and the young forest’s C value was the largest. (2) The species diversity of different age group of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest were significantly different between shrub layers (P<0.05). The half-mature forest and the mature forest were more abundant than the near mature forest. The evenness and dominance of the distribution of species in young forest were the worst. (3) The species diversity, evenness and dominance in different age groups of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest were significantly different between herb layers (P<0.05), species diversity of the herb layer became the most abundant in mature forest, young forest, followed by the near mature forests. The evenness in the mature forest and young forest were first-rate. The half-mature forest and near mature forest were located mass and have higher species dominance. (4) The species diversity index of different age group in the community’s vertical structure was significantly different. In the young forest, the order of the species richness index were tree layer>herb layer>shrub layer, the J value were herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer;In the half-mature forest, near mature forest and mature forest, the order of the species richness index were tree layer> shrub layer>herb layer, the J value were shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer. The results help to understand species composition and dynamic characteristics of ten nature ever-green broad-leaved mixed forest communities with different forest age in the north-west of Fujian Province, probe near-nature management and remnant forest’s transformation technology. It can provide theoretical basis for formulating biodiversity conservation decisions.