华北农学报
華北農學報
화북농학보
ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA
2013年
2期
169-174
,共6页
王同朝%齐爽%关小康%李小艳%李仟%姜玉梅%卫丽
王同朝%齊爽%關小康%李小豔%李仟%薑玉梅%衛麗
왕동조%제상%관소강%리소염%리천%강옥매%위려
冬小麦%群体配置方式%水分利用效率%产量
鼕小麥%群體配置方式%水分利用效率%產量
동소맥%군체배치방식%수분이용효솔%산량
Winter wheat%Population configuration mode%Water use efficiency%Yield
为给冬小麦节水高产栽培种植密度和行距的配置提供理论依据,采用水分测坑池栽试验,设置等行距条播(W1,行距20 cm)和宽幅种植(W2,幅宽10 cm、行距30 cm)2种种植方式和105万(P1),150万(P2),210万(P3),270万(P4)株/hm 24种种植密度,在冬小麦生长前期土壤水分较为充足、中后期较为干旱年型下,研究了不同群体配置方式对冬小麦水分利用及产量的影响。结果表明,在P1、P2、P3、P4密度下,等行距种植(W1)小麦产量分别比宽幅种植(W2)高14.39%,12.54%,6.28%,14.37%;等行距种植在密度P4条件下产量最高(8270.77 kg/hm 2),宽幅种植在密度P3条件下产量最高(7392.43 kg/hm 2)。种植方式和密度对冬小麦成穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量均有显著影响。冬小麦拔节-开花平均耗水强度分别为开花-成熟和播种-拔节的3.6,2.7倍。在相同密度下,等行距条播(W1)水分利用效率均显著高于宽幅种植(W2)。因此,在等行距条播和种植密度270万株/hm 2条件下冬小麦产量最高,水分利用效率适中,是本试验条件下最佳群体配置组合。
為給鼕小麥節水高產栽培種植密度和行距的配置提供理論依據,採用水分測坑池栽試驗,設置等行距條播(W1,行距20 cm)和寬幅種植(W2,幅寬10 cm、行距30 cm)2種種植方式和105萬(P1),150萬(P2),210萬(P3),270萬(P4)株/hm 24種種植密度,在鼕小麥生長前期土壤水分較為充足、中後期較為榦旱年型下,研究瞭不同群體配置方式對鼕小麥水分利用及產量的影響。結果錶明,在P1、P2、P3、P4密度下,等行距種植(W1)小麥產量分彆比寬幅種植(W2)高14.39%,12.54%,6.28%,14.37%;等行距種植在密度P4條件下產量最高(8270.77 kg/hm 2),寬幅種植在密度P3條件下產量最高(7392.43 kg/hm 2)。種植方式和密度對鼕小麥成穗數、穗粒數和韆粒質量均有顯著影響。鼕小麥拔節-開花平均耗水彊度分彆為開花-成熟和播種-拔節的3.6,2.7倍。在相同密度下,等行距條播(W1)水分利用效率均顯著高于寬幅種植(W2)。因此,在等行距條播和種植密度270萬株/hm 2條件下鼕小麥產量最高,水分利用效率適中,是本試驗條件下最佳群體配置組閤。
위급동소맥절수고산재배충식밀도화행거적배치제공이론의거,채용수분측갱지재시험,설치등행거조파(W1,행거20 cm)화관폭충식(W2,폭관10 cm、행거30 cm)2충충식방식화105만(P1),150만(P2),210만(P3),270만(P4)주/hm 24충충식밀도,재동소맥생장전기토양수분교위충족、중후기교위간한년형하,연구료불동군체배치방식대동소맥수분이용급산량적영향。결과표명,재P1、P2、P3、P4밀도하,등행거충식(W1)소맥산량분별비관폭충식(W2)고14.39%,12.54%,6.28%,14.37%;등행거충식재밀도P4조건하산량최고(8270.77 kg/hm 2),관폭충식재밀도P3조건하산량최고(7392.43 kg/hm 2)。충식방식화밀도대동소맥성수수、수립수화천립질량균유현저영향。동소맥발절-개화평균모수강도분별위개화-성숙화파충-발절적3.6,2.7배。재상동밀도하,등행거조파(W1)수분이용효솔균현저고우관폭충식(W2)。인차,재등행거조파화충식밀도270만주/hm 2조건하동소맥산량최고,수분이용효솔괄중,시본시험조건하최가군체배치조합。
A pot experiment was conducted with different planting densities and planting patterns to explore the theoretical basis for obtaining the high yield and saving water of winter wheat .The experiment was designed with 2 planting patterns:equal space drill planting(W1,space 20 cm)and wide planting(W2,width 10 cm,space 30 cm), and 4 planting densities:105 ×10 4 ,150 ×104 ,210 ×104 and 270 ×10 4 plants/ha.The water condition was abundant in earlier growth period and dry in mid and later period .The results showed that the yield of P1,P2,P3 and P4 was 14.39%,12.54%,6.28%and 14.37% higher in W1 than in W2,respectively.Under W1 condition,P4 showed the highest yield(8 270.77 kg/ha)among all densities,while it was P3(7 392.43 kg/ha)under W2.The density and planting pattern had significant effects on spike number ,grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight.The daily water consumption from jointing to anthesis stage of winter wheat was 3.6 and 2.7 times that from anthesis to maturity stage and sowing to jointing stage ,respectively.The water use efficiency of W1 was higher than that of W2 in the same density.The P4(270 ×10 4 plants/ha)of W1 had the highest yield and suitable water use efficiency ,so it should be the best population combination mode in the experiment .