华北农学报
華北農學報
화북농학보
ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA
2013年
2期
122-127
,共6页
郭振升%张慎举%皇甫自起%苏天增%侯乐新
郭振升%張慎舉%皇甫自起%囌天增%侯樂新
곽진승%장신거%황보자기%소천증%후악신
豫东平原%夏花生%生理生态指标%产量结构%高产栽培
豫東平原%夏花生%生理生態指標%產量結構%高產栽培
예동평원%하화생%생리생태지표%산량결구%고산재배
Eastern Henan plain%Summer peanut%Physiological and ecological index%Yield structure%High-yielding cultivation
为探索高产夏花生生理生态指标及相关技术参数，采用田间试验方法，结合群、个体植株分析，探讨了豫东平原生态区夏花生高产（6000 kg/hm 2以上）条件下生育进程及其与叶龄的关系、群体开花结实动态、植株干物质积累及氮磷钾三要素需求规律等。结果表明，豫东生态区高产夏花生生育历时102～116 d；7～8片叶始花，8～9片叶形成果针，11～12片叶初现幼果，13～14片叶形成秕果，16～17片叶形成饱果；群体开花时间持续20 d左右，单株开花90～120朵，植株第1，2对侧枝上的结实花蕾及其饱果数分别占全株总数的65％和30％；出苗后50 d植株干物质积累最快，结果后37 d荚果干质量增长最快；各生育期叶面积系数分别是：幼苗期0．5～0．8、花针期2．9～3．1、结荚期3．9～4．2、结果期2．2～2．4；全生育期总光合势为251．5～272．5 m 2?d，不同生育期净光合生产率分别是：幼苗期11．3～12．1 g/（m 2?d）、花针期5．8～6．9 g/（m 2?d）、结荚期5．5～5．8 g/（m 2?d）、饱果成熟期3．1～3．5 g/（m 6000 kg/hm 2荚果产量水平下，夏花生需要氮磷钾三要素养分总量分别为：N 375．6 kg/hm 174．6 kg/hm 2，三要素之比为1∶0．23∶0．46。不同类型夏花生品种实现高产的产量结构为：早熟品种31．5万～32．0万株/hm 2，单株果数10～12个，百果质量175～195 g，荚果产量6019．6～6038．5 kg/hm 2；中熟品种29．5万～31．0万株/hm 2，单株果数11个左右，百果质量202 g，荚果产量6155．0～6182．1 kg/hm 2。2?d）；在2、P2 O585．8 kg/hm 2和K2 O
為探索高產夏花生生理生態指標及相關技術參數，採用田間試驗方法，結閤群、箇體植株分析，探討瞭豫東平原生態區夏花生高產（6000 kg/hm 2以上）條件下生育進程及其與葉齡的關繫、群體開花結實動態、植株榦物質積纍及氮燐鉀三要素需求規律等。結果錶明，豫東生態區高產夏花生生育歷時102～116 d；7～8片葉始花，8～9片葉形成果針，11～12片葉初現幼果，13～14片葉形成秕果，16～17片葉形成飽果；群體開花時間持續20 d左右，單株開花90～120朵，植株第1，2對側枝上的結實花蕾及其飽果數分彆佔全株總數的65％和30％；齣苗後50 d植株榦物質積纍最快，結果後37 d莢果榦質量增長最快；各生育期葉麵積繫數分彆是：幼苗期0．5～0．8、花針期2．9～3．1、結莢期3．9～4．2、結果期2．2～2．4；全生育期總光閤勢為251．5～272．5 m 2?d，不同生育期淨光閤生產率分彆是：幼苗期11．3～12．1 g/（m 2?d）、花針期5．8～6．9 g/（m 2?d）、結莢期5．5～5．8 g/（m 2?d）、飽果成熟期3．1～3．5 g/（m 6000 kg/hm 2莢果產量水平下，夏花生需要氮燐鉀三要素養分總量分彆為：N 375．6 kg/hm 174．6 kg/hm 2，三要素之比為1∶0．23∶0．46。不同類型夏花生品種實現高產的產量結構為：早熟品種31．5萬～32．0萬株/hm 2，單株果數10～12箇，百果質量175～195 g，莢果產量6019．6～6038．5 kg/hm 2；中熟品種29．5萬～31．0萬株/hm 2，單株果數11箇左右，百果質量202 g，莢果產量6155．0～6182．1 kg/hm 2。2?d）；在2、P2 O585．8 kg/hm 2和K2 O
위탐색고산하화생생리생태지표급상관기술삼수，채용전간시험방법，결합군、개체식주분석，탐토료예동평원생태구하화생고산（6000 kg/hm 2이상）조건하생육진정급기여협령적관계、군체개화결실동태、식주간물질적루급담린갑삼요소수구규률등。결과표명，예동생태구고산하화생생육력시102～116 d；7～8편협시화，8～9편협형성과침，11～12편협초현유과，13～14편협형성비과，16～17편협형성포과；군체개화시간지속20 d좌우，단주개화90～120타，식주제1，2대측지상적결실화뢰급기포과수분별점전주총수적65％화30％；출묘후50 d식주간물질적루최쾌，결과후37 d협과간질량증장최쾌；각생육기협면적계수분별시：유묘기0．5～0．8、화침기2．9～3．1、결협기3．9～4．2、결과기2．2～2．4；전생육기총광합세위251．5～272．5 m 2?d，불동생육기정광합생산솔분별시：유묘기11．3～12．1 g/（m 2?d）、화침기5．8～6．9 g/（m 2?d）、결협기5．5～5．8 g/（m 2?d）、포과성숙기3．1～3．5 g/（m 6000 kg/hm 2협과산량수평하，하화생수요담린갑삼요소양분총량분별위：N 375．6 kg/hm 174．6 kg/hm 2，삼요소지비위1∶0．23∶0．46。불동류형하화생품충실현고산적산량결구위：조숙품충31．5만～32．0만주/hm 2，단주과수10～12개，백과질량175～195 g，협과산량6019．6～6038．5 kg/hm 2；중숙품충29．5만～31．0만주/hm 2，단주과수11개좌우，백과질량202 g，협과산량6155．0～6182．1 kg/hm 2。2?d）；재2、P2 O585．8 kg/hm 2화K2 O
To explore the ecological and physiological indicators and the related technical parameters of high -yielding summer peanut in eastern plain of Henan Province ,the conventional field experiment combining with the a-nalysis of population and(individual plant was used to study the development process and its relation with the leaf age,the flowering and fruiting dynamic of population ,the plant dry matter accumulation and the NPK requirement laws in high-yielding cultivation condition(>6 000 kg/ha).The results showed that,for the summer peanut in east-ern region of Henan,the whole growth period was 102-116 days,the initial flowering time began at 7-8 leaves, the forming fruit needle at 8-9 leaves,the young fruits at 11-12 leaves,the abortive fruits at 13-14 leaves and the full fruits at 16-17 leaves.The flowering duration of population lasted for about 20 days.The flower number per plant was 90~120.The numbers of bearing buds and full fruits in first and second lateral branches accounted for 65%and 30%of the whole plant,respectively.The plant dry matter accumulated the fastest after 50 days of emer-gence,and the dry weight of pods grew the fastest after 37 days of bearing fruits.The coefficient of leaf area during different growth period was 0.5-0.8 at seedling stage,2.9-3.1 at fancy stitch stage,3.9-4.2 at podding stage and 2.2-2.4 at fruit bearing stage.The total photosynthetic potential in whole growth period was 251.5-272.5 m 2?d.The net photosynthetic rate in different growth period was 11.3-12.1 g/(m 2?d) at seedling stage,5.8-6.9 g/(m 2?d) at fancy stitch stage,5.5-5.8 g/(m 2?d) at podding stage and 3.1-3.5 g/(m 2?d) at full fruit maturation.In 6 000 kg/ha pod yield level of summer peanut ,the total amount of N,P and K nutrient was 375.6, 85.8,174.6 kg/ha,respectively,the ratio of three key elements being 1∶0.23∶0.46.It was concluded that the pro-duction structure of different types of summer peanut varieties in high yield condition was 315 000 -320 000 strains/ha,individual fruit number 10-12/strain,175-195 g per 100 fruits and yield of peanut pod 6 019.6-6 038.5 kg/ha for early maturing varieties,and 295 000-310 000 plants/ha,individual fruit number 11/strain, 202 g per 100 fruits and yield of peanut pod 6 155.0-6 182.1 kg/ha for mid-maturing varieties.
