CAJ | 학술논문

　　利用机载微物理探测仪器获得了2010年4月20～21日我国中东部地区的一次大范围降雨过程的观测资料，详细分析了云系的微物理结构和降水过程，并利用 WRF 模式对降水过程进行了数值模拟分析，详细探讨了此次降雨形成的微物理机制。分析表明，降水前期，云体在垂直方向上存在分层结构，云粒子探头（Cloud Droplet Probe, CDP）粒子浓度存在较大起伏。降水中期，CDP粒子主要存在于4.27 km以下，其中3.69 km处浓度较大，峰值普遍超过100 cm–3；降水粒子和尺度较大的云粒子同样在4.27 km以下。4.27 km、3.69 km处粒子形态较丰富，经历了不同尺度的片状、不规则状、针状及辐枝状的变化，3.69 km处CDP粒子浓度较少时，降水粒子以针状为主，而CDP粒子浓度充足时则转化为尺寸更大的辐枝状粒子。4.27 km、3.69 km高度层存在的主要粒子是雪晶，其次是少许冰晶。降水后期，云体从顶部开始趋于消散，表现为3.9 km高度以上无明显CDP粒子，仅存在部分云粒子和降水粒子，其形态为不规则状。降水主要形成于3.9 km以下的云层，此时冷层仍存在部分针状的冰雪晶。WRF模拟结果表明：雨滴大部分形成于2.9 km以下，0℃层下方，2.2～2.9 km雪的融化贡献最大，2.2 km以下重力碰并为主。雪是冷暖层主要的降水粒子，雪在冰雪晶层大部分高度仍以凝华增长为主，混合层以凝华增长和结淞增长为主，而雪的增长程度可能受上升气流强度、过冷水含量影响。
　　이용궤재미물리탐측의기획득료2010년4월20～21일아국중동부지구적일차대범위강우과정적관측자료，상세분석료운계적미물리결구화강수과정，병이용 WRF 모식대강수과정진행료수치모의분석，상세탐토료차차강우형성적미물리궤제。분석표명，강수전기，운체재수직방향상존재분층결구，운입자탐두（Cloud Droplet Probe, CDP）입자농도존재교대기복。강수중기，CDP입자주요존재우4.27 km이하，기중3.69 km처농도교대，봉치보편초과100 cm–3；강수입자화척도교대적운입자동양재4.27 km이하。4.27 km、3.69 km처입자형태교봉부，경력료불동척도적편상、불규칙상、침상급복지상적변화，3.69 km처CDP입자농도교소시，강수입자이침상위주，이CDP입자농도충족시칙전화위척촌경대적복지상입자。4.27 km、3.69 km고도층존재적주요입자시설정，기차시소허빙정。강수후기，운체종정부개시추우소산，표현위3.9 km고도이상무명현CDP입자，부존재부분운입자화강수입자，기형태위불규칙상。강수주요형성우3.9 km이하적운층，차시랭층잉존재부분침상적빙설정。WRF모의결과표명：우적대부분형성우2.9 km이하，0℃층하방，2.2～2.9 km설적융화공헌최대，2.2 km이하중력팽병위주。설시랭난층주요적강수입자，설재빙설정층대부분고도잉이응화증장위주，혼합층이응화증장화결송증장위주，이설적증장정도가능수상승기류강도、과랭수함량영향。
A wide range of precipitation occurred in mid-eastern region of China from 20 April to 21 April 2010. The purpose is to analyze the microphysical mechanism of the precipitation through airplane observation and simulation by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The airplane observation revealed a stratified structure in the cloud at an early stage of precipitation, and fluctuation of the Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) droplet concentration was high. In middle stage of precipitation, CDP droplets existed mainly below 4.27 km; the peak at the maximum level of 3.69 km exceeded 100 cm–3. Large-scale clouds and rain droplets also existed below 4.27 km. At 4.27 km and 3.69 km, several types of particle patterns were observed to include flakes and irregular, needle, and dendritic patterns. At 3.69 km, pattern of acicular and dendritic particles appeared in the areas of the least and most CDP droplet concentration, respectively. At 4.27 km and 3.69 km, the main particles were snow with a small amount of ice. In the late stage of precipitation, the cloud dissipated from the top, which indicates that few irregular clouds and rain droplets with no apparent CDP droplets existed at 3.9 km;rainfall formed mainly below this level. Several ice and snow particles appeared in the cold layer at this level. The simulation of WRF showed that the rain droplets were mainly formed below 2.9 km at the layer of 0 °C. At heights of 2.2 to 2.9 km, snow melting to rain was the main factor in shaping rain droplets. Below 2.0 km, the rain droplets were formed by accretion droplets of rain. Snow droplets were mainly precipitation particles. Snow formed mainly through sublimation in the ice layer and through sublimation and riming in the mixed layer. The intensity of updraft and the content of supercooled water may have influenced the growth level of snow.