激光技术
激光技術
격광기술
LASER TECHNOLOGY
2013年
4期
425-430
,共6页
激光技术%选区激光熔化%理论分析与验证%表面粗糙度%单熔道%电解抛光
激光技術%選區激光鎔化%理論分析與驗證%錶麵粗糙度%單鎔道%電解拋光
격광기술%선구격광용화%이론분석여험증%표면조조도%단용도%전해포광
laser technique%selective laser melting%theoretical analysis and verification%surface roughness%single track%electrochemical polishing
为了改善成型件表面质量，从微观上研究了决定选区激光熔化成型金属零件的上表面粗糙度的主要因素，通过研究单熔道成型，从熔道搭接的角度理论分析了成型件的上表面粗糙度，基于自主研发的成型设备Dimet-al-280加工实体零件进行了实际测量对比，获得表面粗糙度的轮廓算术平均偏差Ra 的理论值为3.21μm，微观不平度十点高度Rz 的理论值为12.79μm，其实测值Ra ＝7.36μm，Rz ＝40.01μm；进行喷砂和电解抛光处理后，表面粗糙度减小，即Ra ＝2.34μm，Rz ＝10.86。结果表明，成型件的上表面粗糙度主要受熔道宽度、扫描间距和铺粉层厚3个因素的共同影响；粗糙度实测值与理论值有偏差，主要是由于熔道不稳定、表面出现球化、粉末粘附等缺陷造成；成型件经过电化学处理后表面质量有较大的改善。选区激光熔化成型金属零件可达到良好的表面粗糙度，此项研究为进一步提高表面质量和应用于生产加工提供了参考依据。
為瞭改善成型件錶麵質量，從微觀上研究瞭決定選區激光鎔化成型金屬零件的上錶麵粗糙度的主要因素，通過研究單鎔道成型，從鎔道搭接的角度理論分析瞭成型件的上錶麵粗糙度，基于自主研髮的成型設備Dimet-al-280加工實體零件進行瞭實際測量對比，穫得錶麵粗糙度的輪廓算術平均偏差Ra 的理論值為3.21μm，微觀不平度十點高度Rz 的理論值為12.79μm，其實測值Ra ＝7.36μm，Rz ＝40.01μm；進行噴砂和電解拋光處理後，錶麵粗糙度減小，即Ra ＝2.34μm，Rz ＝10.86。結果錶明，成型件的上錶麵粗糙度主要受鎔道寬度、掃描間距和鋪粉層厚3箇因素的共同影響；粗糙度實測值與理論值有偏差，主要是由于鎔道不穩定、錶麵齣現毬化、粉末粘附等缺陷造成；成型件經過電化學處理後錶麵質量有較大的改善。選區激光鎔化成型金屬零件可達到良好的錶麵粗糙度，此項研究為進一步提高錶麵質量和應用于生產加工提供瞭參攷依據。
위료개선성형건표면질량，종미관상연구료결정선구격광용화성형금속령건적상표면조조도적주요인소，통과연구단용도성형，종용도탑접적각도이론분석료성형건적상표면조조도，기우자주연발적성형설비Dimet-al-280가공실체령건진행료실제측량대비，획득표면조조도적륜곽산술평균편차Ra 적이론치위3.21μm，미관불평도십점고도Rz 적이론치위12.79μm，기실측치Ra ＝7.36μm，Rz ＝40.01μm；진행분사화전해포광처리후，표면조조도감소，즉Ra ＝2.34μm，Rz ＝10.86。결과표명，성형건적상표면조조도주요수용도관도、소묘간거화포분층후3개인소적공동영향；조조도실측치여이론치유편차，주요시유우용도불은정、표면출현구화、분말점부등결함조성；성형건경과전화학처리후표면질량유교대적개선。선구격광용화성형금속령건가체도량호적표면조조도，차항연구위진일보제고표면질량화응용우생산가공제공료삼고의거。
In order to provide the theory basis to improve the surface quality , the main factors affecting the upper surface roughness of metal parts fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were studied.By studying the single track melting, the upper surface roughness of SLM parts was analyzed from the view of melting track lapping .The metal parts were fabricated by using the self-developed fabrication equipment Dimetal-280 and the measure roughness parameters were compared with the theoretical value.The theoretical value of arithmetical mean deviation of the profile Ra was 3.21μm and the theoretical value of ten-point height of irregulartlies Rz was 12.79μm.The actual value was Ra =7.36μm and Rz =40.01μm.After electrochemical polishing, the surface roughness was reduced to Ra =2.34μm and Rz =10.86μm.The results prove that upper surface roughness of the metal part was influenced by melting track width , scanning space and layer thickness altogether.The reason of the discrepancy between theoretical value and actual value was some defects such as instability in melting track, spheroidization on the surface and dust adhesiveness .The quality of surface roughness was greatly improved after electrochemical polishing .The metal parts processed by selective laser melting could obtain satisfied surface roughness in this experiment .The results provide guidance to surface research and industrial application in the future.
