行政法学研究
行政法學研究
행정법학연구
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
2013年
4期
124-131
,共8页
财产权限制%管制征收%认定标准
財產權限製%管製徵收%認定標準
재산권한제%관제정수%인정표준
Limitation to Property Right%Regulatory Taking%Identiifcation Criterion
国家某项措施对公民财产权构成的限制，究竟属于财产权的社会义务还是管制征收，甚为重要，因为这关乎国家是否需要为此提供某种补偿。通过对德国和美国相关学说与司法判例的考察，二者的区分标准主要分为形式和实质两个方面。形式标准以平等原则为基础，强调是否存在“特别牺牲”；实质标准在形式标准的基础之上，区分管制措施对财产权限制的不同程度。一般而言，在相对人构成特别牺牲的条件下，唯有政府侵占相对人财产或者导致相对人财产价值完全丧失才会被法院判定为管制征收。
國傢某項措施對公民財產權構成的限製，究竟屬于財產權的社會義務還是管製徵收，甚為重要，因為這關乎國傢是否需要為此提供某種補償。通過對德國和美國相關學說與司法判例的攷察，二者的區分標準主要分為形式和實質兩箇方麵。形式標準以平等原則為基礎，彊調是否存在“特彆犧牲”；實質標準在形式標準的基礎之上，區分管製措施對財產權限製的不同程度。一般而言，在相對人構成特彆犧牲的條件下，唯有政府侵佔相對人財產或者導緻相對人財產價值完全喪失纔會被法院判定為管製徵收。
국가모항조시대공민재산권구성적한제，구경속우재산권적사회의무환시관제정수，심위중요，인위저관호국가시부수요위차제공모충보상。통과대덕국화미국상관학설여사법판례적고찰，이자적구분표준주요분위형식화실질량개방면。형식표준이평등원칙위기출，강조시부존재“특별희생”；실질표준재형식표준적기출지상，구분관제조시대재산권한제적불동정도。일반이언，재상대인구성특별희생적조건하，유유정부침점상대인재산혹자도치상대인재산개치완전상실재회피법원판정위관제정수。
Whether the limitation formed by a certain measure of the state to citizens’ property right on earth belongs to the social obligation of the property right or regulatory taking is of great importance, because it relates to whether the state needs to provide certain compensation for it. Through the investigation of relevant German and American theories and judicial precedents, the distinguishing standard of them can mainly be divided into two aspects of form and essence. The form standard bases on principle of equality and emphasizes on‘special sacriifce’;while the essence standard is based on the form standard and distinguishes different degrees of regulatory measures’ limitation to the property right. Generally speaking, under the condition of counterpart’s special sacriifce, only when the government embezzles the counterpart’s property or leads to the total loss of the counterpart’s property value can this be judged as regulatory taking by courts.
