CAJ | 학술논문

公民教育本质上即是政治社会化的过程。台湾社会素向重视公民教育的发展，其实施方式概分学校与非学校两个途径，但仍以学校教育为主体，成效较易彰显。从小学、中学到大学有其一贯的体系，都设置相关课程，其中以国高中特定的“公民”课程最为完整，大学则透过“通识课程”设计相关的议题，以实施公民教育、培养公民素养。台湾公民教育的教学内容，可上溯至清末民初之“修身”、“党义”和“公民”科目。1949年国民政府迁台，国民党实施党国一体的威权统治，教学议题倾向于凝聚大中国的认同意识，加强中华民族精神教育和激化两岸对立之敌我意识，以教化式的认同实施国家化的公民教育；1987年政府解除戒严，此阶段教学议题较倾向形塑台湾主体性的概念，并淡化意识形态的对立，及至1996年台湾实施公民直选总统，深化了民主的价值，此时公民教育的议题，一方面要增进民主公民的素养，另一方面要培养公民政治参与的能力。近年来，台湾公民教育的内容相当重视公民社会的建构，从强化公共领域的观念，期建立“公共理性”的社会公民，进而与“全球化”联结，培养全球公民意识从而参与全球公民社会。
공민교육본질상즉시정치사회화적과정。태만사회소향중시공민교육적발전，기실시방식개분학교여비학교량개도경，단잉이학교교육위주체，성효교역창현。종소학、중학도대학유기일관적체계，도설치상관과정，기중이국고중특정적“공민”과정최위완정，대학칙투과“통식과정”설계상관적의제，이실시공민교육、배양공민소양。태만공민교육적교학내용，가상소지청말민초지“수신”、“당의”화“공민”과목。1949년국민정부천태，국민당실시당국일체적위권통치，교학의제경향우응취대중국적인동의식，가강중화민족정신교육화격화량안대립지활아의식，이교화식적인동실시국가화적공민교육；1987년정부해제계엄，차계단교학의제교경향형소태만주체성적개념，병담화의식형태적대립，급지1996년태만실시공민직선총통，심화료민주적개치，차시공민교육적의제，일방면요증진민주공민적소양，령일방면요배양공민정치삼여적능력。근년래，태만공민교육적내용상당중시공민사회적건구，종강화공공영역적관념，기건립“공공이성”적사회공민，진이여“전구화”련결，배양전구공민의식종이삼여전구공민사회。
The essence of civic education is the process of political socialization. The development of civic education is always gradually emphasized by society in Taiwan. School and Non-school are the two ways to put into practice, but school is the main subject, and it's easier to demonstrate the effectiveness. The teaching content of civic education in Taiwan, it can be traced back to the courses of Cultivation, Party Duties and Civic in the end period of Qing Dynasty. In 1949, the national government implemented authoritarian rule, the teaching content tend to unite Chinese identification conscious and strengthen national spirit education and intensify of cross-strait confrontation enemy awareness, used civilize way to implement civic education. In 1987, the government lifted of martial law, and the teaching issues tend to the concept of rebuild subjectivity of Taiwan in order to reduce ideology. Until 1996, the first time citizens join the presidential election, imbue further democratic values. At this time, the issues of civic education are to promote democratic citizenship literacy, and the ability of civic and political participation. In recent years, the civic education in Taiwan emphasis on construction of civil society, from strengthen the concept of public domain and establishing "public reason" citizens to connect with"globalization", cultivate global citizenship and thus participate in global civil society.