CAJ | 학술논문

通过收集我国菰野生资源和半野生资源并进行驯化育种，获得了株型紧凑、茎叶粗壮直立的2个半驯化菰材料“加油1号”和“戈山1号”，并以该半驯化菰为育种材料，对它们的染色体基数、花期、花序结构、种子性状及发芽率等进行研究.结果表明：中国菰（Zizania latifolia）染色体数为2n=34条，不同于北美菰；“加油1号”的花期主要在9月中旬到10月中旬之间，总体比野生菰早约15 d，比“戈山1号”晚约10 d；在菰花序中雌雄花比例约为1∶1.8，并首次绘制了其花序模式图；“加油1号”菰糙米千粒质量为12.7 g，粒长和宽分别为9.70 mm 和1.48 mm，比北美沼生菰（Z.palustris）偏小；电镜观察发现菰米淀粉粒排列规则；采用改良的种子处理方法，菰种发芽率可以达到62.9%.本研究获得的半驯化菰材料开花正常，株型紧凑，为实现中国菰驯化提供了重要的基础遗传材料，但在落粒性和花期等目标农艺性状上还有待改良.
통과수집아국고야생자원화반야생자원병진행순화육충，획득료주형긴주、경협조장직립적2개반순화고재료“가유1호”화“과산1호”，병이해반순화고위육충재료，대타문적염색체기수、화기、화서결구、충자성상급발아솔등진행연구.결과표명：중국고（Zizania latifolia）염색체수위2n=34조，불동우북미고；“가유1호”적화기주요재9월중순도10월중순지간，총체비야생고조약15 d，비“과산1호”만약10 d；재고화서중자웅화비례약위1∶1.8，병수차회제료기화서모식도；“가유1호”고조미천립질량위12.7 g，립장화관분별위9.70 mm 화1.48 mm，비북미소생고（Z.palustris）편소；전경관찰발현고미정분립배렬규칙；채용개량적충자처리방법，고충발아솔가이체도62.9%.본연구획득적반순화고재료개화정상，주형긴주，위실현중국고순화제공료중요적기출유전재료，단재락립성화화기등목표농예성상상환유대개량.
Summary Zizania is a cereal species with the closest relationship to Oryza genus in the grass family and is the only genus which is distributed discontinuously between Eurasia and North America in the tribe Oryzeae.Gu (Zizania latifolia) was an important cereal in Chinese history (one of six important cereals in Zhou Dynasty), but it now has disappeared.Another species in Zizania genus,Z. palustris ,has been domesticated as a commercial cereal crop in North America in last century. However, no effort has been done in genetic improvement or domestication of Chinese Gu to date. <br> As a part of our effort to recover the ancient Chinese cereal,in this study,the chromosome number of collected Gu was examined by modified carbol fuchsin stain and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).In addition,the main agronomic traits of two semi-domesticated Gu (Jiayou 1 and Geshan 1) were investigated, including flowering period,inflorescence structure,seed phenotype and germination rate. <br> The results showed that chromosome number of Gu was 2n = 34,which was different from that of Z. palustris (2n=30).The flowering period of Jiayou 1 usually happened in one month from the middle of September to October,which was 1 5 days earlier than wild Gu and 10 days later than Geshan 1.The ratio of pistillate to staminate flowers was about 1∶1.8 and an inflorescence ideograms of Gu was first drawn.The kilo-grain mass of brown Gu was about 12.7 g with 9.70 mm length and 1.48 mm width of brown seeds,which were smaller than Z.palustris .Furthermore,the regular arrangement of starch granules was found in the Gu seed by scanning electron microscope.The germination rate of Jiayou 1 seeds could reach 62.9% with an improved seed treatment method. <br> In sum,the semi-domesticated Gu,which has a compact plant architecture and normal flowering,provide an important genetic material for the domestication of Gu,although other target traits such as seed shattering need to be improved in future.The ancient crop and its domestication should been given more attention,and more efforts should be taken on artificial mutation breeding.