中国蔬菜
中國蔬菜
중국소채
CHINA VEGETABLES
2013年
18期
67-71
,共5页
王智中%吕潇%杜龙龙%李彦明%Fredrick C. Michel Jr.
王智中%呂瀟%杜龍龍%李彥明%Fredrick C. Michel Jr.
왕지중%려소%두룡룡%리언명%Fredrick C. Michel Jr.
除草剂%堆肥%生物有效性
除草劑%堆肥%生物有效性
제초제%퇴비%생물유효성
Herbicide%Compost%Bioavailability
化学除草已成为确保现代农业生产不可或缺的技术，但因除草剂会在非靶标植物中残留，进而导致堆肥和有机肥料产品被除草剂污染，为避免堆肥及其产品在不合理应用时对后茬植物的生长产生不良影响，造成不可挽回的损失，本试验采用市售基质、普通堆肥和受除草剂污染的堆肥为试材，设置无污染堆肥处理（C1）、氯氨吡啶酸污染堆肥处理（C2）和二氯吡啶酸污染堆肥处理（C3）3个处理，在0、5%、10%和20%堆肥不同用量条件下，以黄瓜的出苗率和播种后45 d时植株的节间距、株高、茎粗、植株干质量、叶片数、叶面积、叶片卷曲情况和壮苗指数为评价指标。结果表明，受除草剂污染的堆肥对黄瓜种子的萌发有抑制作用，且堆肥用量越大，出苗率越低，而且黄瓜幼苗表现出严重的除草剂药害症状，植株纤弱，叶片狭小、卷曲。两种除草剂污染堆肥对黄瓜的影响呈现不同的规律，在堆肥用量相同的条件下，氯氨吡啶酸比二氯吡啶酸对黄瓜的药害严重，这表明越高效的除草剂随堆肥或有机肥的施用对后茬敏感植物的药害风险越大。
化學除草已成為確保現代農業生產不可或缺的技術，但因除草劑會在非靶標植物中殘留，進而導緻堆肥和有機肥料產品被除草劑汙染，為避免堆肥及其產品在不閤理應用時對後茬植物的生長產生不良影響，造成不可輓迴的損失，本試驗採用市售基質、普通堆肥和受除草劑汙染的堆肥為試材，設置無汙染堆肥處理（C1）、氯氨吡啶痠汙染堆肥處理（C2）和二氯吡啶痠汙染堆肥處理（C3）3箇處理，在0、5%、10%和20%堆肥不同用量條件下，以黃瓜的齣苗率和播種後45 d時植株的節間距、株高、莖粗、植株榦質量、葉片數、葉麵積、葉片捲麯情況和壯苗指數為評價指標。結果錶明，受除草劑汙染的堆肥對黃瓜種子的萌髮有抑製作用，且堆肥用量越大，齣苗率越低，而且黃瓜幼苗錶現齣嚴重的除草劑藥害癥狀，植株纖弱，葉片狹小、捲麯。兩種除草劑汙染堆肥對黃瓜的影響呈現不同的規律，在堆肥用量相同的條件下，氯氨吡啶痠比二氯吡啶痠對黃瓜的藥害嚴重，這錶明越高效的除草劑隨堆肥或有機肥的施用對後茬敏感植物的藥害風險越大。
화학제초이성위학보현대농업생산불가혹결적기술，단인제초제회재비파표식물중잔류，진이도치퇴비화유궤비료산품피제초제오염，위피면퇴비급기산품재불합리응용시대후치식물적생장산생불량영향，조성불가만회적손실，본시험채용시수기질、보통퇴비화수제초제오염적퇴비위시재，설치무오염퇴비처리（C1）、록안필정산오염퇴비처리（C2）화이록필정산오염퇴비처리（C3）3개처리，재0、5%、10%화20%퇴비불동용량조건하，이황과적출묘솔화파충후45 d시식주적절간거、주고、경조、식주간질량、협편수、협면적、협편권곡정황화장묘지수위평개지표。결과표명，수제초제오염적퇴비대황과충자적맹발유억제작용，차퇴비용량월대，출묘솔월저，이차황과유묘표현출엄중적제초제약해증상，식주섬약，협편협소、권곡。량충제초제오염퇴비대황과적영향정현불동적규률，재퇴비용량상동적조건하，록안필정산비이록필정산대황과적약해엄중，저표명월고효적제초제수퇴비혹유궤비적시용대후치민감식물적약해풍험월대。
Nowadays chemical weed control is one of the most indispensable methods in modern agriculture.However,the compost or manure would be polluted by herbicide residual in the non-target plants.Improper use of the polluted compost may have serious negative effects on growth of next-stubble crops.In this research,compost contaminated by herbicide was used in nursery substrate with different proportions to investigate the sensitivity levels of the plants. Basically we set 3 conditions to test cucumbers on their germination rate,internode length,height, stem diameter,dry weight,leaf number,leaf area,curl and seedling index after sowing in 45 days.These 3 conditions are non-polluted compost condition(C1),Aminopyralid polluted condition(C2)and Clopyralid polluted condition(C3),and 0,5%,10% and 20% usage of compost are used respectively under these 3 conditions.Results show that the more polluted compost we used,the lower germination rate is. Moreover,symptoms of herbicide damages of cucumber seedling are found from the delicate plant,small and curl leaves.With the same usage of compost,Aminopyralid tends to have more serious influence on cucumber comparing to Clopyralid, which means the more effective herbicide are used in the compost,the graver influence will be presented on the following sensitive plants. So we can draw the following conclusions: the compost contaminated with compound herbicide suppresses the germination rate of cucumber seeds. It can significantly inhibit the growth of seedlings of cucumber and reduce its seedling index at a lower concentration.
