生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
2期
359-364
,共6页
雌激素%畜禽排泄物%吸附%迁移%生物降解
雌激素%畜禽排洩物%吸附%遷移%生物降解
자격소%축금배설물%흡부%천이%생물강해
estrogens%livestock excretion%sorption%transport%degradation
环境雌激素是一大类化学物质，它们能够干扰生物体内激素的合成、分泌、转运、活性等，或与生物体内激素结构相似而发挥激素作用，对生物体的生长、繁殖及行为产生不利影响。环境雌激素包括天然雌激素及人工合成类雌激素。随着国内畜禽养殖的规模与数量的不断扩大，养殖场成为了一个很大的环境雌激素的产生源，其环境风险应得到相应的重视。目前对畜禽养殖过程中环境雌激素的产生量以及雌激素进入环境后的迁移转化行为已有很多的研究，包括野外的调查与实验室内机理研究。畜禽养殖过程产生的大量雌激素进入环境后能够被土壤吸附及微生物降解。室内的静态平衡吸附实验、土柱迁移试验及降解研究均表明雌激素进入环境后绝大部分迅速被吸附到土壤颗粒或悬浮胶体、沉积物颗粒上，同时发生转化与生物降解，由此推断其对周边环境中的雌激素贡献很小。然而，野外调查结果却表明实际情况下雌激素的迁移性高于理论期望值。因此，畜禽养殖对周边环境中雌激素的贡献量的大小尚未明确。本论文综述了畜禽养殖过程中环境雌激素的排放情况，结合国内外的调查研究，阐述了畜禽养殖产生的环境雌激素在土壤及水体中的迁移与降解行为，探讨了影响准确评估畜禽养殖排泄物对周边水体中雌激素贡献大小的因子，并提出了今后应开展原位吸附与迁移的实验，重点考虑天然有机质及抗生素等共存物质对雌激素环境行为的影响，建立综合模型来估算不同时期养殖场对周围水环境雌激素的贡献量的建议。
環境雌激素是一大類化學物質，它們能夠榦擾生物體內激素的閤成、分泌、轉運、活性等，或與生物體內激素結構相似而髮揮激素作用，對生物體的生長、繁殖及行為產生不利影響。環境雌激素包括天然雌激素及人工閤成類雌激素。隨著國內畜禽養殖的規模與數量的不斷擴大，養殖場成為瞭一箇很大的環境雌激素的產生源，其環境風險應得到相應的重視。目前對畜禽養殖過程中環境雌激素的產生量以及雌激素進入環境後的遷移轉化行為已有很多的研究，包括野外的調查與實驗室內機理研究。畜禽養殖過程產生的大量雌激素進入環境後能夠被土壤吸附及微生物降解。室內的靜態平衡吸附實驗、土柱遷移試驗及降解研究均錶明雌激素進入環境後絕大部分迅速被吸附到土壤顆粒或懸浮膠體、沉積物顆粒上，同時髮生轉化與生物降解，由此推斷其對週邊環境中的雌激素貢獻很小。然而，野外調查結果卻錶明實際情況下雌激素的遷移性高于理論期望值。因此，畜禽養殖對週邊環境中雌激素的貢獻量的大小尚未明確。本論文綜述瞭畜禽養殖過程中環境雌激素的排放情況，結閤國內外的調查研究，闡述瞭畜禽養殖產生的環境雌激素在土壤及水體中的遷移與降解行為，探討瞭影響準確評估畜禽養殖排洩物對週邊水體中雌激素貢獻大小的因子，併提齣瞭今後應開展原位吸附與遷移的實驗，重點攷慮天然有機質及抗生素等共存物質對雌激素環境行為的影響，建立綜閤模型來估算不同時期養殖場對週圍水環境雌激素的貢獻量的建議。
배경자격소시일대류화학물질，타문능구간우생물체내격소적합성、분비、전운、활성등，혹여생물체내격소결구상사이발휘격소작용，대생물체적생장、번식급행위산생불리영향。배경자격소포괄천연자격소급인공합성류자격소。수착국내축금양식적규모여수량적불단확대，양식장성위료일개흔대적배경자격소적산생원，기배경풍험응득도상응적중시。목전대축금양식과정중배경자격소적산생량이급자격소진입배경후적천이전화행위이유흔다적연구，포괄야외적조사여실험실내궤리연구。축금양식과정산생적대량자격소진입배경후능구피토양흡부급미생물강해。실내적정태평형흡부실험、토주천이시험급강해연구균표명자격소진입배경후절대부분신속피흡부도토양과립혹현부효체、침적물과립상，동시발생전화여생물강해，유차추단기대주변배경중적자격소공헌흔소。연이，야외조사결과각표명실제정황하자격소적천이성고우이론기망치。인차，축금양식대주변배경중자격소적공헌량적대소상미명학。본논문종술료축금양식과정중배경자격소적배방정황，결합국내외적조사연구，천술료축금양식산생적배경자격소재토양급수체중적천이여강해행위，탐토료영향준학평고축금양식배설물대주변수체중자격소공헌대소적인자，병제출료금후응개전원위흡부여천이적실험，중점고필천연유궤질급항생소등공존물질대자격소배경행위적영향，건립종합모형래고산불동시기양식장대주위수배경자격소적공헌량적건의。
Environmental estrogens are a class of hormones which can interfere with the biological synthesis, secretion, transport, activity, or play the role of hormones because of the similar structure with biological hormone. These chemical substances may adversely affect the growth, reproduction and behavior of the organisms. The contamination of estrogens will disrupt the endocrine systems and induce sexual abnormalities in wildlife, and may lead to the disappearance of the species. They can be divided into natural estrogens and synthesized estrogens. Farm livestock excreta may be a major source of estrogen and its risk should be concerned. Many studies have been carried out on their environmental behaviors, including experiments in the lab and the field investigations. The large amount of estrogens generated from livestock could be absorbed to the soil particles, suspended colloids or sediment particles rapidly and then degraded by biotic pathways when they are released into the environment, which has been proved by the static equilibrium adsorption experiments, soil column experiments and biodegradation experiments. Thus it has been suggested that the contribution of livestock farming to the estrogens in the surrounding environment is very small. However, the field investigation results show that the migration of estrogen was higher than the theoretical expectations. So a link between the estrogens from farms excrement with the endocrine disruption in surrounding water environment is still not clear. Research progresses on mobility and degradation of estrogens and results of field studies, as well as the amount of estrogens produced by livestock, are introduced in detail in this paper. Subsequently contribution of estrogens by livestock to water environment is discussed. Estimation of the impact of livestock farming on the surrounding water environment in different periods by establishing a comprehensive model after in situ experiments and study on the influence of coexisting substances such as natural organic matter and antibiotics is proposed.
