CAJ | 학술논문

油气显示可以为发现与其相关的残留油气藏或次生油气藏提供重要的线索。通过野外调查、地质分析和文献调研，系统研究了各类油气显示在中国各盆地或地区的分布，探讨了油气显示的成因机制，并分析了其石油地质意义。研究表明，按油气藏破坏的程度，油气显示可分为轻度破坏型、严重破坏型和完全破坏型3类。这3类油气显示在中国各盆地或地区广泛分布。其中，油苗、气苗和泥火山等轻度破坏型油气显示主要分布在中国西部和南方；稠油等严重破坏型油气显示主要分布在中国西部和东部；天然沥青、沥青砂和地蜡等完全破坏型油气显示主要分布在中国西部和南方。按照油气藏破坏的次数和程度，油气显示可分为直接破坏成因和二次破坏成因。直接破坏成因的油气显示包括地表油苗、气苗和泥火山，它们的形成主要受强烈构造运动、频繁地震和快速沉积等因素影响，按照出露地表的方式可细分为断裂通天型、隆升剥蚀型、底辟刺穿型和不整合面露地型4种类型。二次破坏成因的油气显示包括地表和地下的稠油、天然沥青、沥青砂和地蜡，其显著特征是油气发生直接破坏后又发生了水洗、氧化、生物降解等稠变作用，它们常具有共生或过渡的关系。在勘探早期，轻度破坏型或位于活动冲断带和底辟构造上的油气显示对地下油气藏的指导意义更大。各种破坏作用在破坏油气藏形成各种油气显示的同时，有时也可对油气的再分配和保存起到一定的积极作用。因此，保存条件是在油气显示发育区寻找油气藏的关键因素。
유기현시가이위발현여기상관적잔류유기장혹차생유기장제공중요적선색。통과야외조사、지질분석화문헌조연，계통연구료각류유기현시재중국각분지혹지구적분포，탐토료유기현시적성인궤제，병분석료기석유지질의의。연구표명，안유기장파배적정도，유기현시가분위경도파배형、엄중파배형화완전파배형3류。저3류유기현시재중국각분지혹지구엄범분포。기중，유묘、기묘화니화산등경도파배형유기현시주요분포재중국서부화남방；주유등엄중파배형유기현시주요분포재중국서부화동부；천연력청、력청사화지사등완전파배형유기현시주요분포재중국서부화남방。안조유기장파배적차수화정도，유기현시가분위직접파배성인화이차파배성인。직접파배성인적유기현시포괄지표유묘、기묘화니화산，타문적형성주요수강렬구조운동、빈번지진화쾌속침적등인소영향，안조출로지표적방식가세분위단렬통천형、륭승박식형、저벽자천형화불정합면로지형4충류형。이차파배성인적유기현시포괄지표화지하적주유、천연력청、력청사화지사，기현저특정시유기발생직접파배후우발생료수세、양화、생물강해등주변작용，타문상구유공생혹과도적관계。재감탐조기，경도파배형혹위우활동충단대화저벽구조상적유기현시대지하유기장적지도의의경대。각충파배작용재파배유기장형성각충유기현시적동시，유시야가대유기적재분배화보존기도일정적적겁작용。인차，보존조건시재유기현시발육구심조유기장적관건인소。
Oil-gas shows can provide much important information to explore the related residual or secondary reservoirs . Based on field survey ,geological analysis and literature investigation ,this paper systematically studied the distribution of oil-gas shows in different basins/regions in China ,discussed their genetic mechanisms and analyzed their petroleum geo-logical significance .According to the degree of destruction of reservoirs ,oil-gas shows can be classified into three types:partial destruction ,strong destruction ,and complete destruction .All these three types of oil-gas shows are widely distribu-ted in each basin/region in China.The partial-destruction type of oil-gas shows,including oil seepage ,gas seepage and mud volcano ,is mainly distributed in the western and southern China .The strong-destruction type of oil-gas shows such as heavy oil is mainly distributed in the western and eastern China .The complete-destruction type of oil-gas shows ,such as natural bitumen ,tar sand and mineral wax ,mainly occurs in the western and southern China .On the other hand ,in terms of the times and extent of destruction of reservoirs , the genetic mechanism of oil-gas shows can be categorized into two types:primary-destruction and secondary-destruction .The former type of oil-gas shows include surface oil seepage , gas seepage and volcano and their formation are influenced by the intense tectonic movements ,frequent earthquakes and rapid deposition .It can be further divided into four kinds according to their ways of out-flowing the surface of earth:surface-cut-ting fault , uplifting-denudation , diapir penetrating , unconformity outcropping .The secondary-destruction type of oil-gas shows include heavy oil ,natural bitumen ,tar sand and mineral wax on the surface and underground ,and features in water washing oxidation and biodegradation after destroyed directly and they are usually paragenic and transitional .In the early stage of petroleum exploration ,the oil-gas shows of partial-destruction type or that on thrust belt and diaper structure have greater guiding significance to discover underground reservoirs .On the one hand ,although all kinds of destructive effects can destroy reservoirs to form oil-gas shows ,they could also have positive influences on the redistribution and preservation of hydrocarbons .Therefore ,preservation condition is the key factor to find reservoirs in areas with oil-gas shows .