CAJ | 학술논문

轮叶马先蒿（Pedicularis verticillata）是一种根部半寄生性杂草，在新疆巴音布鲁克草原迅速蔓延，严重危害了当地畜牧业的利用和发展。通过分析巴音布鲁克草原近30年的气候变化并结合轮叶马先蒿种子的萌发特性和传播特点，探讨气候因素对近些年来轮叶马先蒿种群在巴音布鲁克草原迅速扩张的影响。结果显示：1）1980-2010年新疆巴音布鲁克草原轮叶马先蒿生长季内的日平均温，最高温，最低温均表现出增高趋势，且气候倾向率在0.3℃(10 a)左右；此外马先蒿生长季内的有效积温和年积温也有显著的增长，增幅分别为48.755℃(10 a)和61.469℃(10 a)；生长季内的平均降雨量和年均降水量也出现了明显的增多，每10年的增幅在20 mm以上；说明巴音布鲁克草原的气候朝着“暖湿化”的方向发展。2）轮叶马先蒿种子具有循环休眠的现象，属条件休眠状态。而这个状态主要受温度条件的变化所影响，萌发率随温度升高而显著提高。室温储藏和赤霉素处理下轮叶马先蒿种子在3/16℃和5/20℃这2个变温条件下萌发率最高，可达50%以上；而湿冷层积处理中种子的萌发率虽然也表现为随温度的升高而提高，但5/20℃时的最大萌发率仅为(44.44±2.94)%。3）巴音布鲁克草原气候的“暖湿化”变化有利于轮叶马先蒿种子的萌发和扩散，这可能是导致轮叶马先蒿在巴音布鲁克草原迅速蔓延的主要原因之一。
륜협마선호（Pedicularis verticillata）시일충근부반기생성잡초，재신강파음포로극초원신속만연，엄중위해료당지축목업적이용화발전。통과분석파음포로극초원근30년적기후변화병결합륜협마선호충자적맹발특성화전파특점，탐토기후인소대근사년래륜협마선호충군재파음포로극초원신속확장적영향。결과현시：1）1980-2010년신강파음포로극초원륜협마선호생장계내적일평균온，최고온，최저온균표현출증고추세，차기후경향솔재0.3℃(10 a)좌우；차외마선호생장계내적유효적온화년적온야유현저적증장，증폭분별위48.755℃(10 a)화61.469℃(10 a)；생장계내적평균강우량화년균강수량야출현료명현적증다，매10년적증폭재20 mm이상；설명파음포로극초원적기후조착“난습화”적방향발전。2）륜협마선호충자구유순배휴면적현상，속조건휴면상태。이저개상태주요수온도조건적변화소영향，맹발솔수온도승고이현저제고。실온저장화적매소처리하륜협마선호충자재3/16℃화5/20℃저2개변온조건하맹발솔최고，가체50%이상；이습랭층적처리중충자적맹발솔수연야표현위수온도적승고이제고，단5/20℃시적최대맹발솔부위(44.44±2.94)%。3）파음포로극초원기후적“난습화”변화유리우륜협마선호충자적맹발화확산，저가능시도치륜협마선호재파음포로극초원신속만연적주요원인지일。
Pedicularis verticillata is a kind of root hemiparasite, which has recently been expanding in Bayanbulak Grassland of Xinjiang, and reducing productivity of grassland. Hence, threatening the utilization and development of local animal husbandry industry. In this research, we focused on the patterns of climatic change in past 30 years and the effect of temperature on seed germination. We then analyzed the reasons for population expansion of P.verticillatain along the Bayanbulak Grassland. The results showed:1) during 1980 to 2010, the mean, maximum and minimum temperature was increased with the rate of 0.3 ℃ each 10 years. The rate of effective accumulate temperature in the growing season of P. verticillata increased by about 48.755 ℃ (10 a) and per annual increased at 61.469 ℃ (10 a). Precipitation was increased significantly during the growth stage of P. verticillata. It indicated that the climate in Bayanbulak Grassland was getting warmer and wetter. 2) Seed of P. verticillata has the phenomena of dormancy cycle, which is an adaptation to the changeful alpine climate. Germination rate was significantly increased with the rise in temperature. Seeds stored in root temperature germinated highest in 3/16 ℃ and 5/20 ℃, and the germination rate was more than 50%. After moist-chilling, seed germination rate of P. verticillata also improved with the increase in temperature, but only up to (44.44±2.94)%in 5/20 ℃. 3) The “warm-wet”trend may facilitate seed germination and dispersal, contributing to the population expansion of P. verticillata.