CAJ | 학술논문

乡土植物灌木化建植是高速公路边坡防护的重要途径。为了探明西南地区5种典型边坡植被配置模式的护坡性能及年际间差异，拟以成渝高速永川段K309+145~K309+370处为试验观测区，以景观过渡带(小乔木、地被植物)+坡面防护带(灌木、草本植物)的群落结构为基础，对比研究2010-2012年间各植被配置模式在自然降雨条件下的产流、产沙特征及年际间差异。结果表明：1)建坪初期，一年生草本植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis)所在的草灌混合群落(M5)生长快、成坪早，在2010年汛期即表现出较强的护坡性能：蓄水、保土能力分别达到59.14%、96.22%，产流量、产沙量(61.2 mm,52.0 g·m-2)也明显低于其它小区(P＜0.05)；狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)等多年生草本所在群落(M3、M4)成坪迟、生长慢，护坡性能普遍较差。2)在2011年汛期，多年生草本植物所在群落(M1~M4)的护坡性能较2010年明显提高，以M3、M4即苜蓿(Medicago falcate)+狗牙根、小冠花(Coronilla varia)+黑麦草最为显著。3)2012年汛期，具有发达根系结构的狗牙根所在群落(M3)护坡性能最强：蓄水、保土能力分别达到80.03%、98.49%，产流量、产沙量分别为32.40 mm、17.67 g·m-2)；M5的护坡性能最差,其产流量、产沙量(62.1 mm,150.33 g·m-2)也明显高于其他观测区。可以看出，在种植密度、建植措施等建群条件相同条件下，植被的护坡性能与其群落结构有关：建坪初期，护坡性能与地上生物量大小正相关(r2≥0.987)，后期则与根系重量正相关(r2≥0.998)。
향토식물관목화건식시고속공로변파방호적중요도경。위료탐명서남지구5충전형변파식피배치모식적호파성능급년제간차이，의이성투고속영천단K309+145~K309+370처위시험관측구，이경관과도대(소교목、지피식물)+파면방호대(관목、초본식물)적군락결구위기출，대비연구2010-2012년간각식피배치모식재자연강우조건하적산류、산사특정급년제간차이。결과표명：1)건평초기，일년생초본식물구미초(Setaria viridis)소재적초관혼합군락(M5)생장쾌、성평조，재2010년신기즉표현출교강적호파성능：축수、보토능력분별체도59.14%、96.22%，산류량、산사량(61.2 mm,52.0 g·m-2)야명현저우기타소구(P＜0.05)；구아근(Cynodon dactylon)、흑맥초(Lolium perenne)등다년생초본소재군락(M3、M4)성평지、생장만，호파성능보편교차。2)재2011년신기，다년생초본식물소재군락(M1~M4)적호파성능교2010년명현제고，이M3、M4즉목숙(Medicago falcate)+구아근、소관화(Coronilla varia)+흑맥초최위현저。3)2012년신기，구유발체근계결구적구아근소재군락(M3)호파성능최강：축수、보토능력분별체도80.03%、98.49%，산류량、산사량분별위32.40 mm、17.67 g·m-2)；M5적호파성능최차,기산류량、산사량(62.1 mm,150.33 g·m-2)야명현고우기타관측구。가이간출，재충식밀도、건식조시등건군조건상동조건하，식피적호파성능여기군락결구유관：건평초기，호파성능여지상생물량대소정상관(r2≥0.987)，후기칙여근계중량정상관(r2≥0.998)。
Using localization shrubs to reconstruct plant communities is an important ecological mode in superhighway side slope protection. In this case, taking Chengyu expressway in Yongchuan region ranging K309+145 to K309+370 and five typical vegetation modes, including landscape transitional zone (ornamental arbors+ground-cover plants) and slope protection zone (shrubs+herbages), in southwest areas as the example and foundation, their characteristics of runoff and erosion sediment in rainy seasons during the year 2010 to 2012 were investigated, and the annual fluctuation of their ecological slope protection capacity was analyzed. Results showed: 1) the annual herbaceous plants in the grass-shrub community, i.e., Vitex negundo + Setaria viridis grew rapidly, which turf-establishment stage (65 d )was transitory, its capacity of soil and water conservation (80.03%and 98.49%,respectively) was the highest than other modes in the first growing season after turf-establishment(2010), and among five vegetation modes, its runoff and sediment yield (61.2 mm and 52.0 g·m-2, respectively) was the lowest (P<0.05). However, the perennial herbs(e.g., Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne and so on)in the grass-shrub communities grew tardily with more laggardly turf-establishment stages, and their outstanding capacity of soil and water conservation were only showed in the second or third growing season after turf-establishment. 2) during the rainy seasons in 2011, ecological protection benefit of the grass-shrub communities (M1-M4) including perennial herbs were improved apparently, which were especially outstanding in Coronilla varia+Lolium perenne(M4)and Medicago falcate+Cynodon dactylon (M3). 3) In third growing season(2012), performance of artificial vegetations Medicago falcate+ Cynodon dactylon (M3)was the most excellent in slope protection by means of developed root system of Bermuda grass, its capacity of soil and water conservation was 80.03% and 98.49%, its runoff and sediment yield was no more than 32.40 mm and 17.67 g·m-2, respectively, and in contrast , that of M4 was the worst in the slope plot experiments where given artificial vegetations were planted. Therefore, it can be seen that ecological protection benefit of artificial vegetations was closely related to their community characteristics, there was a positive correlation between the aboveground biomass of vegetations and their capacity of soil and water conservation in initial succession with determination coefficient (r2) in excess of 0.987, and did so between root biomass and these capacity in latter succession(r2≥0.998) when there were the same side slope conditions, seed quantity and planting measures.