生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
7期
1129-1135
,共7页
严文斌%全国明%章家恩%康小武%郭靖
嚴文斌%全國明%章傢恩%康小武%郭靖
엄문빈%전국명%장가은%강소무%곽정
生物入侵%三叶鬼针草%鬼针草%种子萌发
生物入侵%三葉鬼針草%鬼針草%種子萌髮
생물입침%삼협귀침초%귀침초%충자맹발
biological invasion%Bidens pilosa%Bidens bipinnata%seed germination
三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)是一种入侵性较强的外来杂草,现已在我国华南地区广泛蔓延。采取野外调查与室内实验相结合的方法,研究了三叶鬼针草与土著种鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata)的繁殖特征与种子萌发特性。结果表明:与土著种鬼针草相比,三叶鬼针草的分枝能力强,分枝数量多,并能够产生数量更高、质量更轻的种子。三叶鬼针草、鬼针草的最适萌发温度分别为20~30℃、10~25℃,其萌发率均高达92.00%以上,高温(30~40℃)不利于两种杂草种子的萌发,但土著种受到的抑制作用更强。两种杂草种子均在全光处理下获得最高萌发率,除全黑暗处理外,环境光强变化对三叶鬼针草的种子萌发影响不明显,但25%弱光导致鬼针草的萌发率显著下降。轻度干旱(ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g·mL-1)对两种杂草种子的萌发影响不大,中度干旱(ρ(PEG)=0.15 g·mL-1)能够降低其种子萌发率,但相对而言,三叶鬼针草的萌发率降幅较小。两种杂草种子的萌发对pH的适应范围较广,只有pH 2.0的强酸性溶液才造成其种子萌发率显著下降。外界过高的N、P养分对两种杂草种子的萌发均产生不利影响,尤其是N素过高对土著种鬼针草种子萌发的抑制作用更强。掩埋处理能够抑制两种杂草种子的萌发,当埋藏深度达3.0 cm时,所有的种子均不能正常萌发与出苗,但在土壤表面,三叶鬼针草的萌发势要显著高于鬼针草。
三葉鬼針草(Bidens pilosa)是一種入侵性較彊的外來雜草,現已在我國華南地區廣汎蔓延。採取野外調查與室內實驗相結閤的方法,研究瞭三葉鬼針草與土著種鬼針草(Bidens bipinnata)的繁殖特徵與種子萌髮特性。結果錶明:與土著種鬼針草相比,三葉鬼針草的分枝能力彊,分枝數量多,併能夠產生數量更高、質量更輕的種子。三葉鬼針草、鬼針草的最適萌髮溫度分彆為20~30℃、10~25℃,其萌髮率均高達92.00%以上,高溫(30~40℃)不利于兩種雜草種子的萌髮,但土著種受到的抑製作用更彊。兩種雜草種子均在全光處理下穫得最高萌髮率,除全黑暗處理外,環境光彊變化對三葉鬼針草的種子萌髮影響不明顯,但25%弱光導緻鬼針草的萌髮率顯著下降。輕度榦旱(ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g·mL-1)對兩種雜草種子的萌髮影響不大,中度榦旱(ρ(PEG)=0.15 g·mL-1)能夠降低其種子萌髮率,但相對而言,三葉鬼針草的萌髮率降幅較小。兩種雜草種子的萌髮對pH的適應範圍較廣,隻有pH 2.0的彊痠性溶液纔造成其種子萌髮率顯著下降。外界過高的N、P養分對兩種雜草種子的萌髮均產生不利影響,尤其是N素過高對土著種鬼針草種子萌髮的抑製作用更彊。掩埋處理能夠抑製兩種雜草種子的萌髮,噹埋藏深度達3.0 cm時,所有的種子均不能正常萌髮與齣苗,但在土壤錶麵,三葉鬼針草的萌髮勢要顯著高于鬼針草。
삼협귀침초(Bidens pilosa)시일충입침성교강적외래잡초,현이재아국화남지구엄범만연。채취야외조사여실내실험상결합적방법,연구료삼협귀침초여토저충귀침초(Bidens bipinnata)적번식특정여충자맹발특성。결과표명:여토저충귀침초상비,삼협귀침초적분지능력강,분지수량다,병능구산생수량경고、질량경경적충자。삼협귀침초、귀침초적최괄맹발온도분별위20~30℃、10~25℃,기맹발솔균고체92.00%이상,고온(30~40℃)불리우량충잡초충자적맹발,단토저충수도적억제작용경강。량충잡초충자균재전광처리하획득최고맹발솔,제전흑암처리외,배경광강변화대삼협귀침초적충자맹발영향불명현,단25%약광도치귀침초적맹발솔현저하강。경도간한(ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g·mL-1)대량충잡초충자적맹발영향불대,중도간한(ρ(PEG)=0.15 g·mL-1)능구강저기충자맹발솔,단상대이언,삼협귀침초적맹발솔강폭교소。량충잡초충자적맹발대pH적괄응범위교엄,지유pH 2.0적강산성용액재조성기충자맹발솔현저하강。외계과고적N、P양분대량충잡초충자적맹발균산생불리영향,우기시N소과고대토저충귀침초충자맹발적억제작용경강。엄매처리능구억제량충잡초충자적맹발,당매장심도체3.0 cm시,소유적충자균불능정상맹발여출묘,단재토양표면,삼협귀침초적맹발세요현저고우귀침초。
Bidens pilosa is one of the noxious alien Asteraceae weeds with strong invasiveness, and is spreading widely in Southern China at present. We studied the reproductive traits and seed germination characteristics of invasive B. pilosa and native B. bipinnata by combining field investigations with laboratory experiments. The results showed that compared to native species, B. pilosa had higher ramification ability and branch numbers. One single mature plant could produce more than 13 thousands of seeds with smaller mass. Seed germinations of the two weed species were affected by environment factors. The optimum germination temperature for B. pilosa and B. bipinnata was 20-30 ℃ and 10-25 ℃, respectively. Both species had high germination percentages, above 92.00%. High temperature (30-40 ℃) caused harms to seed germination of the two species, but the inhibition effect of high temperature on native B. bipinnata was severer than that of B. pilosa. The seeds of two weeds reached maximum germination at full irradiance, and the changes of ambient light had no effects on B. pilosa germination except in the dark, but the germination of B. bipinnata was significantly decreased at 25%irradiance. Light drought (ρ(PEG)≤0.10 g?mL-1) had no significant effects on germination of the two weed species while moderate drought (ρ(PEG)=0.15 g?mL-1) could reduce their germination percentage, but the negative effect on B. pilosa was less than that of B. bipinnata. Both weed species germinated in a wide range of pH (3.0-7.0) and only pH 2.0 caused the seed germination to decrease significantly. High concentration of N and P nutrients had negative influences on the germination of both weed species, and excessive N concentration had more inhibitory effect on native B. bipinnata than on B. pilosa. Germination of both species could be inhibited by the buried treatment and no seedlings emerged when seeds were sowed 3.0 cm deep. But on the soil surface, germination rate of B. pilosa was significantly higher than that of B. bipinnata.