中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版)
中國礦業大學學報(社會科學版)
중국광업대학학보(사회과학판)
JOURNAL OF CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCES)
2013年
2期
87-91
,共5页
矿业类课程%人类的认知特点%助产术%理性之乐%框架充填法%课堂应用
礦業類課程%人類的認知特點%助產術%理性之樂%框架充填法%課堂應用
광업류과정%인류적인지특점%조산술%이성지악%광가충전법%과당응용
coal mining course%human cognition%midwifery%rational pleasure%frame filling of teaching method%classroom application
《采矿学》是一门较为复杂抽象又具体实在的专业课程,课程内容多又偏重实践,初学者一般难以理解和真正掌握。人的认知具有多维性、相对性、先占性、联想性、发展性以及整合性等特点,也包括了传统心理学中的多种心理活动。苏格拉底的“助产术”,采用反问和反驳的方法使学生在不知不觉中接受他的思想影响,柏拉图提出教师要善于点悟、启发、诱导学生进入一种境界,使他们在“苦思冥想”后“顿开茅塞”,喜获“理性之乐”。在长期的教学实践中,针对《采矿学》内容多难度大实践性强的特点,结合人的认知特点,笔者探索总结出新型的“框架充填法”,即:首先引导学生建立矿井整体结构和煤矿主要生产系统总体内容这个大框架,帮助学生快速入门并产生学习兴趣和积极性,再逐步扩展添加充填煤炭开采的具体细节内容,从整体到局部和细节,又从细节回到局部和整体,使所学内容前后串接呼应,达到融会贯通的学习目的。这与先哲的“助产术”和“理性之乐”教学法有一致性和融通性。最后给出了该教学方法具体的课堂实践途径。
《採礦學》是一門較為複雜抽象又具體實在的專業課程,課程內容多又偏重實踐,初學者一般難以理解和真正掌握。人的認知具有多維性、相對性、先佔性、聯想性、髮展性以及整閤性等特點,也包括瞭傳統心理學中的多種心理活動。囌格拉底的“助產術”,採用反問和反駁的方法使學生在不知不覺中接受他的思想影響,柏拉圖提齣教師要善于點悟、啟髮、誘導學生進入一種境界,使他們在“苦思冥想”後“頓開茅塞”,喜穫“理性之樂”。在長期的教學實踐中,針對《採礦學》內容多難度大實踐性彊的特點,結閤人的認知特點,筆者探索總結齣新型的“框架充填法”,即:首先引導學生建立礦井整體結構和煤礦主要生產繫統總體內容這箇大框架,幫助學生快速入門併產生學習興趣和積極性,再逐步擴展添加充填煤炭開採的具體細節內容,從整體到跼部和細節,又從細節迴到跼部和整體,使所學內容前後串接呼應,達到融會貫通的學習目的。這與先哲的“助產術”和“理性之樂”教學法有一緻性和融通性。最後給齣瞭該教學方法具體的課堂實踐途徑。
《채광학》시일문교위복잡추상우구체실재적전업과정,과정내용다우편중실천,초학자일반난이리해화진정장악。인적인지구유다유성、상대성、선점성、련상성、발전성이급정합성등특점,야포괄료전통심이학중적다충심리활동。소격랍저적“조산술”,채용반문화반박적방법사학생재불지불각중접수타적사상영향,백랍도제출교사요선우점오、계발、유도학생진입일충경계,사타문재“고사명상”후“돈개모새”,희획“이성지악”。재장기적교학실천중,침대《채광학》내용다난도대실천성강적특점,결합인적인지특점,필자탐색총결출신형적“광가충전법”,즉:수선인도학생건립광정정체결구화매광주요생산계통총체내용저개대광가,방조학생쾌속입문병산생학습흥취화적겁성,재축보확전첨가충전매탄개채적구체세절내용,종정체도국부화세절,우종세절회도국부화정체,사소학내용전후천접호응,체도융회관통적학습목적。저여선철적“조산술”화“이성지악”교학법유일치성화융통성。최후급출료해교학방법구체적과당실천도경。
Coal Mining Science is a specialized course that is complicate ,abstract and concrete .And it contains plenty of contents and emphasizes on practice .It is difficult for beginners to understand and truly master it . Human cognition is characterized by multi-dimension , relativity , pre-occupation , association ,expansibility and integration . Meanwhile , it includes a variety of mental activity of traditional psychology . The midwifery of Socrates adopts the method of rhetorical question to make students accept his ideology unconsciously .Plato put forward that teachers must be skilled in guiding and inspiring students to enter a state that make them in meditation ,then suddenly enlightened ,and obtain the rational pleasures at last .In the long term of teaching practice ,the study proposes and sums up a new teaching method ,called frame filling ,according to the features of Coal Mining Science and human cognition . Firstly , it guides students to establish the overall structure and main production system of the mine .Then ,it gradually extends to the concrete contents of coal mining .All in all ,this method makes learned knowledge consecutiveness from whole to local parts to whole just the same as the method of midwifery and the rational pleasure .Finally ,it gives the practical approaches to teach .