CAJ | 학술논문

以在盐度2~3条件下养殖至9月龄的凡纳滨对虾( Litopenaeus vannamei )成虾为材料,研究低盐度养殖对虾在不同盐度驯养条件下的繁殖性能,以期为利用低盐度养殖对虾培育亲虾提供科学依据。实验盐度梯度设置为1、8、15、23和30。雌虾经剪切单侧眼柄后进行促熟培育,促熟期间的雄虾养殖水温控制在(27±0.5)℃,雌虾水温控制在(28±0.5)℃。定期检查雌虾卵巢和雄虾精荚的发育情况,采用精荚人工移植技术对不同盐度条件下培育的亲虾进行组合交配,统计受精率和孵化率,组织切片观察卵巢发育,综合评价各实验组合的繁殖性能。结果表明,在实验盐度梯度范围内,雌虾卵巢都可发育成熟；盐度1组雌虾成熟比例仅10%,且全部死亡；盐度8和15下发育成熟的雌虾达70%,可正常产卵,但产出的卵子受精率较低,不能孵化出无节幼体；盐度23和30下发育成熟的雌虾超过76%,可正常产卵、孵化,但孵化率较低。组织切片观察,盐度8~30范围内各组雌虾卵巢发育无明显差异。在盐度8~30范围内,凡纳滨对虾雄虾精巢都能够正常发育成熟,但盐度30和23实验组的雄虾精巢发育速度明显快于盐度15和8组；随着盐度的降低,精荚发育成熟所需要的时间明显延长；所有盐度实验组的精荚被移植后都可与卵子受精并孵化出无节幼体。
이재염도2~3조건하양식지9월령적범납빈대하( Litopenaeus vannamei )성하위재료,연구저염도양식대하재불동염도순양조건하적번식성능,이기위이용저염도양식대하배육친하제공과학의거。실험염도제도설치위1、8、15、23화30。자하경전절단측안병후진행촉숙배육,촉숙기간적웅하양식수온공제재(27±0.5)℃,자하수온공제재(28±0.5)℃。정기검사자하란소화웅하정협적발육정황,채용정협인공이식기술대불동염도조건하배육적친하진행조합교배,통계수정솔화부화솔,조직절편관찰란소발육,종합평개각실험조합적번식성능。결과표명,재실험염도제도범위내,자하란소도가발육성숙；염도1조자하성숙비례부10%,차전부사망；염도8화15하발육성숙적자하체70%,가정상산란,단산출적란자수정솔교저,불능부화출무절유체；염도23화30하발육성숙적자하초과76%,가정상산란、부화,단부화솔교저。조직절편관찰,염도8~30범위내각조자하란소발육무명현차이。재염도8~30범위내,범납빈대하웅하정소도능구정상발육성숙,단염도30화23실험조적웅하정소발육속도명현쾌우염도15화8조；수착염도적강저,정협발육성숙소수요적시간명현연장；소유염도실험조적정협피이식후도가여란자수정병부화출무절유체。
Preliminary studies on the broodstock maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei from low-salinity water farming ponds were carried out in laboratory. The prawns were reared under different salinities of 1, 8, 15, 23, and 30. Female unilateral eyestalks were sheared to promote maturation. The water temperature for the male shrimps was set at (27±0.5)℃ and that for the female shrimps at (28±0.5)℃. The sexual development, spawning, fertiliza-tion, and hatching rates of the parents were investigated. The female gonads matured in all five salinity conditions;the proportion of mature females in salinity 1 was<10%;in salinities 8 and 15 it was 70%, with low fertilization and no nauplius; and it was >76% in salinities 23 and 30, with low hatching rates. Histological examination re-vealed that ovarian development did not differ among the 8?30 salinity conditions. The male gonads also matured normally, but the speed of sexual development in salinities 23 and 30 was significantly faster than that in salinities 8 and 15(P<0.05). As salinity decreased, the time required for male shrimp maturation increased. The spermato-phores were fertilized and nauplius hatched in all salinities.