CAJ | 학술논문

背景：利用具有生物相容性和生物可降解性的高分子材料作为载体，通过化学结合或物理包裹胰岛素，可提高胰岛素在体内的稳定性和生物利用度。 　　目的：从类型、制备方法、特征、药理作用等方面综述国内外口服胰岛素载体的高分子材料的研究进展。 　　方法：由作者应用计算机检索中国知网数据库、PubMed数据库和Elsevier 数据库2002年1月至2013年2月，与高分子生物材料和口服胰岛素载体相关的文章，中文关键词为“高分子生物材料、口服胰岛素、载体”，英文关键词为“polymeric biomaterials，oral insulin，carrier”。 　　结果与结论：目前，主要用于口服胰岛素系统控缓释的高分子生物材料可分为天然高分子生物材料和合成高分子生物材料两大类。用于口服胰岛素载体研究的天然高分子材料，以壳聚糖、藻酸盐多见。合成高分子生物材料中聚酯类、聚丙烯酸酯类及其共聚物，因具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性和生理性能，被用作口服胰岛素制剂的载体材料的研究报道较多。国内外有关口服胰岛素制剂的研究报道虽多，也有一些商品型口服胰岛素进入临床试验阶段，但至今尚未见到实际应用的临床报告。其主要原因是作为载体的高分子材料、胰岛素的生物利用度低、制剂的质量标准及稳定性问题尚未解决。因此，未来的研究将主要集中在：载体材料的选择或者对现有高分子聚合物进行物理和化学的修饰，研发出新型的聚合物基材料作为载体，以避免胃肠道对胰岛素的破坏和改善胰岛素在体内的吸收，获得理想的释药速度和良好缓控释效果。
배경：이용구유생물상용성화생물가강해성적고분자재료작위재체，통과화학결합혹물리포과이도소，가제고이도소재체내적은정성화생물이용도。 　　목적：종류형、제비방법、특정、약리작용등방면종술국내외구복이도소재체적고분자재료적연구진전。 　　방법：유작자응용계산궤검색중국지망수거고、PubMed수거고화Elsevier 수거고2002년1월지2013년2월，여고분자생물재료화구복이도소재체상관적문장，중문관건사위“고분자생물재료、구복이도소、재체”，영문관건사위“polymeric biomaterials，oral insulin，carrier”。 　　결과여결론：목전，주요용우구복이도소계통공완석적고분자생물재료가분위천연고분자생물재료화합성고분자생물재료량대류。용우구복이도소재체연구적천연고분자재료，이각취당、조산염다견。합성고분자생물재료중취지류、취병희산지류급기공취물，인구유량호적생물상용성、생물강해성화생이성능，피용작구복이도소제제적재체재료적연구보도교다。국내외유관구복이도소제제적연구보도수다，야유일사상품형구복이도소진입림상시험계단，단지금상미견도실제응용적림상보고。기주요원인시작위재체적고분자재료、이도소적생물이용도저、제제적질량표준급은정성문제상미해결。인차，미래적연구장주요집중재：재체재료적선택혹자대현유고분자취합물진행물리화화학적수식，연발출신형적취합물기재료작위재체，이피면위장도대이도소적파배화개선이도소재체내적흡수，획득이상적석약속도화량호완공석효과。
BACKGROUND:The carriers made from biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric materials represent an exciting approach to increase the bioavailability and stability of oral y administered insulin by the chemical reaction or physical encapsulation of insulin. OBJECTIVE:To mainly review the research progress of the material types, preparation methods, physicochemical characteristics, in vitro release kinetics, and bioavailability of polymeric materials adopted as oral insulin carriers. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed, Elsevier and CNKI databases for articles (2002-01/2013-02) concerning the polymeric materials and oral insulin carriers with the key words of“polymeric biomaterials, oral insulin, carrier”in English and in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently, there are mainly two kinds of polymeric biomaterials used for oral insulin delivery systems, that is, natural polymeric biomaterials (such as chitosan and alginates) and synthetic polymeric biomaterials. The most commonly used synthetic polymeric materials for the preparation of these vehicles are polyesters, polyacrylates and their copolymers, which are wel known for their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and physiological properties. Although researchers have tried to develop promptly oral insulin formulation using various technologies, the reports about clinical application or commercial success have not been seen because of several questions such as polymer material as a carrier, the lower bioavailability of insulin, the quality standards and stability of the formulation. Hence, future studies wil focus on the development of a new type of polymer-based material as carriers by choosing the new materials or modifying physical and chemical characteristics of existing polymers, to avoid gastrointestinal destruction of the insulin and increase bioavailability of insulin in the body, so as to obtain the good control ed release rate and effect.