CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解汕头地区城乡中小学生不同类型斜视的患病现况，为防治斜视提供依据。方法横断面研究，随机整群抽样调查。在汕头地区调查9所城乡中小学校，共7537人。眼位检查采用角膜映光法、遮盖去遮盖与交替遮盖法；记录检查结果并按年级、城乡、不同类型眼位等特征归类，统计学方法分析总结。结果调查人群中显性斜视患病率为2.95%，不同类型眼位构成比依次为外隐斜60.65%、正位眼25.33%、间歇性外斜视7.98%、内隐斜3.08%、显性外斜视2.71%、显性内斜视0.19%其他类型斜视0.05%；小学生与高中生的显斜率高于初中生（P=0.000）；城市初、高中学生显斜率分别高于乡村初中（P=0.044）与高中生（P=0.012）；小学生与高中生的间歇性外斜视率也高于初中生（P=0.000），尤以城市高中生的患病率为高（12.67%）；logistic回归模型分析显斜的发生与年级、年龄、城乡等因素有相关性。结论调查人群中斜视患病率略高于国内其他文献报道，特别是间歇性外斜视患病率较高；斜视患病率在分布上呈现出小学生与高中生高、初中生低以及城市化的特点，可能与屈光不正特别是近视眼病的人群分布特点有关。
목적료해산두지구성향중소학생불동류형사시적환병현황，위방치사시제공의거。방법횡단면연구，수궤정군추양조사。재산두지구조사9소성향중소학교，공7537인。안위검사채용각막영광법、차개거차개여교체차개법；기록검사결과병안년급、성향、불동류형안위등특정귀류，통계학방법분석총결。결과조사인군중현성사시환병솔위2.95%，불동류형안위구성비의차위외은사60.65%、정위안25.33%、간헐성외사시7.98%、내은사3.08%、현성외사시2.71%、현성내사시0.19%기타류형사시0.05%；소학생여고중생적현사솔고우초중생（P=0.000）；성시초、고중학생현사솔분별고우향촌초중（P=0.044）여고중생（P=0.012）；소학생여고중생적간헐성외사시솔야고우초중생（P=0.000），우이성시고중생적환병솔위고（12.67%）；logistic회귀모형분석현사적발생여년급、년령、성향등인소유상관성。결론조사인군중사시환병솔략고우국내기타문헌보도，특별시간헐성외사시환병솔교고；사시환병솔재분포상정현출소학생여고중생고、초중생저이급성시화적특점，가능여굴광불정특별시근시안병적인군분포특점유관。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of strabismus in urban and rural primary and secondary students in Shantou City. To provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of strabismus. Methods The study is a cross sectional study. By stratified cluster sampling, 7537 students aged 6 to 19 years from 9 schools in Shantou City were recruited.All students underwent Hirschberg test, cover test and ocular movement examinations. Results Out of the 7537 eligible studnets 7464(99.03%)completed all examinations. The mean age of the students was 11 years. The constituent ratio of manifest strabismus intermittent exotropia, exophoria, orthophoria and esophoria were 2.95%,8.0%, 70.7%,25.3%and3.1%. Among manifest strabismus exotropia was 2.7%,esotropia 0.2% and other deviation 0.05%. Manifest strabismus prevalence of primary school students (3.27%)and high school students (3.53%)were higher than middle school students(1.06%),the difference was significant (P=0.000). And manifest strabismus prevalence of urban middle(1.66%)and high school(4.73%)students were higher than that of rural middle(0.48%)(P=0.000) and high school (1.98%) (P=0.000)students respec-tively. Intermittent exotropia prevalence of primary school students (8.94%) and high school students (10.08%)were higher than middle school(2.12%)stu-dents (P=0.000),and intermittent exotropia was urban high school students(12.67%). Multivariate logistic re-gression model indicated that prevalence of manifest strabismus was associated with grade,age and area. Conclusions The prevalence of strabismus was higher than that in previous studies, especially the proportion of exotropia. Strabis-mus prevalence in primary and high school students was higher than middle school students,urban areas was higher than rural. This may be associated with refractive errors,especially myopia.