CAJ | 학술논문

采用冷休克抑制第二极体释放的方法诱导团头鲂三倍体，筛选出有效的处理温度、起始时间和持续时间，并比较了3种团头鲂倍性鉴定的方法。在孵化水温26～27℃，起始时间为受精后3 min ，0～2℃持续处理25 min的效果最佳，孵化率和三倍体诱导率分别达到34．31％和60．67％。处理温度、起始时间、持续时间均会对三倍体的诱导率产生不同影响。采用染色体计数、DNA含量测定和红细胞大小测定法分别对三倍体个体进行了鉴定。结果显示，三倍体的染色体3n＝72，对照组二倍体2n＝48；流式细胞仪测定的三倍体与二倍体DNA含量差异极显著（P＜0．01），其比值为1．49∶1；三倍体与二倍体的红细胞及核大小的各项数据之间均存在差异显著性，尤其是核体积和红细胞体积存在着极显著差异（ P＜0．01），三倍体红细胞和核体积分别为二倍体的1．40倍和1．51倍。染色体计数、DNA含量测定和红细胞（核）的大小测量方法都可以准确鉴定团头鲂三倍体个体。
채용랭휴극억제제이겁체석방적방법유도단두방삼배체，사선출유효적처리온도、기시시간화지속시간，병비교료3충단두방배성감정적방법。재부화수온26～27℃，기시시간위수정후3 min ，0～2℃지속처리25 min적효과최가，부화솔화삼배체유도솔분별체도34．31％화60．67％。처리온도、기시시간、지속시간균회대삼배체적유도솔산생불동영향。채용염색체계수、DNA함량측정화홍세포대소측정법분별대삼배체개체진행료감정。결과현시，삼배체적염색체3n＝72，대조조이배체2n＝48；류식세포의측정적삼배체여이배체DNA함량차이겁현저（P＜0．01），기비치위1．49∶1；삼배체여이배체적홍세포급핵대소적각항수거지간균존재차이현저성，우기시핵체적화홍세포체적존재착겁현저차이（ P＜0．01），삼배체홍세포화핵체적분별위이배체적1．40배화1．51배。염색체계수、DNA함량측정화홍세포（핵）적대소측량방법도가이준학감정단두방삼배체개체。
The conditions for induction of bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) triploids by means of cold shock were optimazed and three methods for induction of the triploids were compared . The hatching rate of 34 .31% and triploidy rate of 60 .67% were observed when the fertilized eggs were shocked at 0~2 °C for 25 min 3 min after fertilization and incubated at water temperature of about 26~27 ° C , even though triploidy rate was affected by water temperature , initial time and duration . The measurement of chromosome number count ,DNA content and erythrocyte volume revealed that the fry had 3n=72 chromosomes in artificial triploid and 2n=48 chromosomes in normal diploid .There were very significant differences in DNA contents measured by flow cytometry between the triploid and diploid (P <0 .01) ,the triploids being as large 1 .49 as times of the normal diploid ,especially the volume of nuclear and erythrocyte cells (P < 0 .01) .The ratio of triploids to diploids was found to be 1 .40∶1 in the erythrocyte volume ,and 1 .51∶1 in nucleus volume .The findings indicate that the triploid individuals of bluntnose black bream is accurately identified by the chromosome number ,DNA content and erythrocyte size .